Head First PHP & MySQL. A Brain-Friendly Guide

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• Head First PHP & MySQL
• Dedication
• A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
• Advance Praise for Head First PHP & MySQL
• Praise for Head First HTML with CSS & XHTML
• Praise for Head First JavaScript
• Author(s) of Head First PHP & MySQL
• How to Use This Book: Intro
  • Who is this book for?
  • Who should probably back away from this book?
  • We know what youre thinking
  • We know what your brain is thinking
  • Metacognition: thinking about thinking
  • Heres what WE did:
  • Heres what YOU can do to bend your brain into submission
  • Read Me
  • The technical review team
  • Acknowledgments
  • Safari Books Online
• 1. Add Life to your Static Pages: Its Alive
  • HTML is static and boring
  • PHP brings web pages to life
  • Dogs in space
  • A form helps Owen get the whole story
  • Forms are made of HTML
  • The HTML form has problems
  • HTML acts on the CLIENT
  • PHP acts on the SERVER
  • PHP scripts run on the server
  • Use PHP to access the form data
  • PHP scripts must live on a server!
  • Get your PHP scripts to the server
  • The server turns PHP into HTML
  • Deconstructing Owens PHP script
  • A few PHP rules to live code by
  • Finding the perfect variable name
  • Variables are for storing script data
  • $POST is a special variable that holds form data
  • $POST transports form data to your script
  • Creating the email message body with PHP
  • Even plain text can be formatted... a little
  • Newlines need double-quoted strings
  • Assemble an email message for Owen
  • Variables store the email pieces and parts
  • Sending an email message with PHP
  • Owen starts getting emails
  • Owen starts losing emails
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 2. Connecting to MySQL: How it fits together
  • Owens PHP form works well. Too well...
  • MySQL excels at storing data
  • Owen needs a MySQL database
  • Create a MySQL database and table
  • The INSERT statement in action
  • Use SELECT to get table data
  • Let PHP handle the tedious SQL stuff
  • PHP lets data drive Owens web form
  • Connect to your database from PHP
  • Insert data with a PHP script
  • Use PHP functions to talk to the database
  • Get connected with mysqli_connect()
  • Build the INSERT query in PHP
  • Query the MySQL database with PHP
  • Close your connection with mysqliclose()
  • $POST provides the form data
  • Owen needs help sifting through his data
  • Owens on his way to finding Fang
• 3. Create and Populate a Database: Creating your own data
  • The Elvis store is open for business
  • Elmer needs an application
  • Visualize Elmers application design
  • It all starts with a table
  • Make contact with the MySQL server
  • Create a database for Elmers emails
  • Create a table inside the database
  • We need to define our data
  • Take a meeting with some MySQL data types
  • Create your table with a query
  • Getting the cart table in front of the horse database
  • USE the database before you use it
  • DESCRIBE reveals the structure of tables
  • Elmers ready to store data
  • Create the Add Email script
  • The other side of Elmers application
  • The nuts and bolts of the Send Email script
  • First things first, grab the data
  • mysqli_fetch_array() fetches query results
  • Looping for a WHILE
  • Looping through data with while
  • Youve got mail...from Elmer!
  • Sometimes people want out
  • Removing data with DELETE
  • Use WHERE to DELETE specific data
  • Minimize the risk of accidental deletions
  • MakeMeElvis.com is a web application
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 4. Realistic and Practical Applications: Your Application on the Web
  • Elmer has some irritated customers
  • Protecting Elmer from... Elmer
  • Demand good form data
  • The logic behind Send Email validation
  • Your code can make decisions with IF
  • Testing for truth
  • IF checks for more than just equality
  • The logic behind Send Email validation
  • PHP functions for verifying variables
  • Test multiple conditions with AND and OR
  • Form users need feedback
  • Ease in and out of PHP as needed
  • Use a flag to avoid duplicate code
  • Code the HTML form only once
  • A form that references itself
  • Point the form action at the script
  • Check to see if the form has been submitted
  • Some users are still disgruntled
  • Table rows should be uniquely identifiable
    • What Elmers table contains now:
    • What Elmers table should contain:
  • Primary keys enforce uniqueness
  • The five rules of primary keys:
  • From checkboxes to customer IDs
  • Loop through an array with foreach
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 5. Working with Data Stored in Files: When a database just isnt enough
  • Virtual guitarists like to compete
    • Text cant be trusted
  • The proof is in the rockin picture
  • The application needs to store images
  • Planning for image file uploads in Guitar Wars
  • The high score database must be ALTERed
  • How do we get an image from the user?
  • Insert the image filename into the database
  • Find out the name of the uploaded file
  • Where did the uploaded file go?
  • Create a home for uploaded image files
  • Shared data has to be shared
  • Shared script data is required
  • Think of require_once as insert
  • Timing Order is everything with high scores
  • Honoring the top Guitar Warrior
  • Format the top score with HTML and CSS
  • Only small images allowed
  • File validation makes the app more robust
  • Plan for an Admin page
    • These pages are for users:
    • This page is only for the administrator:
  • Generate score removal links on the Admin page
  • Scripts can communicate with each other
  • Of GETs and POSTs
  • GET, POST, and high score removal
  • Isolate the high score for deletion
  • Control how much you delete with LIMIT
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 6. Securing your Application: Assume theyre all out to get you
  • The day the music died
  • Where did the high scores go?
  • Securing the teeming hordes
  • Protecting the Guitar Wars Admin page
  • HTTP authentication requires headers
  • Take control of headers with PHP
  • Authenticating with headers
    • OK, so maybe Guitar Wars is NOT secure
  • Create an Authorize script
  • Guitar Wars Episode II : Attack of the High Score Clones
  • Subtraction by addition
  • Security requires humans
  • Plan for moderation in Guitar Wars
  • Make room for approvals with ALTER
  • Unapproved scores arent worthy
  • The million-point hack
  • Everything in moderation... ?
  • How exactly did she do it?
  • Tricking MySQL with comments
  • The Add Score form was SQL injected
  • Protect your data from SQL injections
  • A safer INSERT (with parameters)
  • Form validation can never be too smart
  • Cease fire!
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 7. building personalized web apps: Remember me?
  • They say opposites attract
  • Mismatch is all about personal data
  • Mismatch needs user log-ins
    • Username
    • Password
  • Come up with a user log-in gameplan
  • Prepping the database for log-ins
  • Constructing a log-in user interface
  • Encrypt passwords with SHA()
  • Decrypting Comparing passwords
    • Making room for the encrypted password
  • Authorizing users with HTTP
  • Logging In Users with HTTP Authentication
  • A form for signing up new users
  • Give users a chance to sign up
  • Sometimes you just need a cookie
  • Whats in a cookie?
  • Bake Use cookies with PHP
  • Rethinking the flow of log-ins
  • A cookie-powered log-in
  • Navigating the Mismatch application
  • Logging out means deleting cookies
  • Sessions arent dependent on the client
  • The life and times of sessions
  • Keeping up with session data
  • Renovate Mismatch with sessions
  • Log out with sessions
  • Complete the session transformation
  • Users arent feeling welcome
  • Sessions are short-lived...
  • ... but cookies can last forever!
  • Sessions + Cookies = Superior log-in persistence
• 8. Eliminate Duplicate Code: Sharing is caring
  • Mismatch is in pieces
  • Rebuilding Mismatch from a template
  • Rebuild Mismatch with templates
  • Mismatch is whole again... and much better organized
• 9. Control your Data, Control your World: Harvesting data
  • Making the perfect mismatch
  • Mismatching is all about the data
  • Break down the Mismatch data
    • Categories
    • Topics
    • Responses
  • Model a database with a schema
  • Wire together multiple tables
  • Foreign keys in action
  • Tables can match row for row
  • One row leads to many
  • Matching rows many-to-many
  • Build a Mismatch questionnaire
  • Get responses into the database
  • We can drive a form with data
  • Speaking of efficiency...
  • Generate the Mismatch questionnaire form
  • The data is now driving the form
  • Strive for a bit of normalcy
  • When normalizing, think in atoms
  • Why be normal, really?
  • Three steps to a normal database
  • Altering the Mismatch database
  • So is Mismatch really normal?
  • A query within a query within a query...
  • Lets all join hands tables
  • Connect the with dots
  • Surely we can do more with inner joins
  • Simplifying ON with USING
  • Nicknames for tables and columns
  • Joins to the rescue
  • Love is a numbers game
  • Five steps to a successful mismatch
  • Prepare for the mismatch search
  • Compare users for mismatchiness
  • All we need is a FOR loop
  • Finishing the mismatching
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 10. String and Custom Functions: Better living through functions
  • A good risky job is hard to find
  • The search leaves no margin for error
  • SQL queries can be flexible with LIKE
  • Explode a string into individual words
  • implode() builds a string from substrings
  • Preprocess the search string
  • Replace unwanted search characters
  • The query needs legit search terms
  • Copy non-empty elements to a new array
  • Sometimes you just need part of a string
  • Extract substrings from either end
  • Multiple queries can sort our results
  • Functions let you reuse code
  • Build a query with a custom function
  • SWITCH makes far more decisions than IF
  • Give build_query() the ability to sort
  • We can paginate our results
  • Get only the rows you need with LIMIT
  • Control page links with LIMIT
  • Keep track of the pagination data
  • Set up the pagination variables
  • Revise the query for paginated results
  • Generate the page navigation links
  • Putting together the complete Search script
  • The complete Search script, continued...
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 11. Regular Expressions: Rules for replacement
  • Risky Jobs lets users submit resumes
  • Decide what your data should look like
  • Formulate a pattern for phone numbers
  • Match patterns with regular expressions
  • Build patterns using metacharacters
  • Fine-tune patterns with character classes
  • Check for patterns with preg_match()
  • Standardize the phone number data
  • Get rid of the unwanted characters
  • Matching email addresses can be tricky
  • Domain suffixes are everywhere
  • Use PHP to check the domain
  • Email validation: putting it all together
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 12. Visualizing your Data... and More!: Drawing dynamic graphics
  • Guitar Wars Reloaded: Rise of the Machines
  • No input form is safe
  • We need to separate man from machine
  • We can defeat automation with automation
  • Generate the CAPTCHA pass-phrase text
  • Visualizing the CAPTCHA image
  • Inside the GD graphics functions
  • The GD graphics functions continued...
  • Drawing text with a font
  • Generate a random CAPTCHA image
  • Returning sanity to Guitar Wars
  • Add CAPTCHA to the Add Score script
  • Five degrees of opposability
  • Charting mismatchiness
  • Storing bar graph data
  • From one array to another
  • Build an array of mismatched topics
  • Formulating a bar graphing plan
  • Crunching categories
  • Doing the category math
  • Bar graphing basics
  • Draw and display the bar graph image
  • Individual bar graph images for all
  • Mismatch users are digging the bar graphs
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• 13. Syndication and Web Services: Interfacing to the world
  • Owen needs to get the word out about Fang
  • Push alien abduction data to the people
  • RSS pushes web content to the people
  • RSS is really XML
  • From database to newsreader
  • Visualizing XML RSS
  • Dynamically generate an RSS feed
  • Link to the RSS feed
  • A picture video is worth a thousand million words
  • Pulling web content from others
  • Syndicating YouTube videos
  • Make a YouTube video request
  • Owen is ready to build a REST request
  • YouTube speaks XML
  • Deconstruct a YouTube XML response
  • Visualize the XML video data
  • Access XML data with objects
  • From XML elements to PHP objects
  • Drill into XML data with objects
  • Not without a namespace!
  • Fang sightings are on the rise
  • Lay out videos for viewing
  • Format video data for display
  • Your PHP & MySQL Toolbox
• A. Leftovers: The Top Ten Topics (we didnt cover)
  • #1. Retrofit this book for PHP4 and mysql functions
  • #2. User permissions in MySQL
  • #3. Error reporting for MySQL
  • #4. Exception handling PHP errors
  • #4. Exception handling PHP errors (cont.)
  • #5. Object-oriented PHP
  • #5. Object-oriented PHP (cont.)
    • So two big advantages of using Object Oriented PHP are:
  • #6. Securing your PHP application
  • #6. Securing your PHP application (cont.)
  • #7. Protect your app from cross-site scripting
  • #7. Protect your app from cross-site scripting (cont.)
    • Validate everything
    • Built-in PHP functions can help
    • Data is guilty until proven innocent
  • #8. Operator precedence
  • #9. Whats the difference between PHP 5 and PHP 6
    • More Unicode support
  • #9. Whats the difference between PHP 5 and PHP 6 (cont.)
    • OO refinements, XML support, and other changes
  • #10. Reusing other peoples PHP
    • Drupal
    • phpBB
    • Coppermine Gallery
    • WordPress
• B. Set up a Development Environment: A place to play
  • Create a PHP development environment
  • Find out what you have
  • Do you have a web server?
  • Do you have PHP? Which version?
  • Do you have MySQL? Which version?
  • Start with the Web Server
  • Apache installation... concluded
  • PHP installation
  • PHP installation steps
  • PHP installation steps... concluded
  • Installing MySQL
    • Instructions and Troubleshooting
  • Steps to Install MySQL on Windows
    • Download your installer
    • Pick a destination folder
    • Click Install and youre done!
  • Enabling PHP on Mac OS X
  • Steps to Install MySQL on Mac OS X
  • Moving from production to a live site
  • Dump your data (and your tables)
  • Prepare to use your dumped data
  • Move dumped data to the live server
  • Connect to the live server
• C. Extend your PHP: Get even more
  • Extending your PHP
    • If youre using Windows, youre in luck
  • And on the Mac...
• Index
• About the Authors
• Copyright

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