Killer Game Programming in Java

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• Killer Game Programming in Java
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • Preface
    • Who Are You?
    • What This Book Is About
    • This Book (and More) Is Online
    • What This Book Is Not About
    • A Graphical View of This Book
      • 2D Programming
      • 3D Programming
      • Network Programming
      • The Appendixes
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Using Code Examples
    • Comments and Questions
    • Safari Enabled
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Why Java for Games Programming?
    • 1.1. Java Is Too Slow for Games Programming
      • 1.1.1. Swing Is Slow
      • 1.1.2. My Program Is Slow Because of Java
    • 1.2. Java Has Memory Leaks
    • 1.3. Java Is Too High-level
    • 1.4. Java Application Installation Is a Nightmare
    • 1.5. Java Isnt Supported on Games Consoles
    • 1.6. No One Uses Java to Write Real Games
      • 1.6.1. Freeware/Shareware Games
    • 1.7. Sun Microsystems Isn't Interested in Supporting Java Gaming
  • 2. An Animation Framework
    • 2.1. Animation as a Threaded Canvas
      • 2.1.1. Synchronization Concerns
      • 2.1.2. Application and Game Termination
      • 2.1.3. Why Use Volatile?
      • 2.1.4. Why Sleep?
      • 2.1.5. Double Buffering Drawing
      • 2.1.6. Adding User Interaction
    • 2.3. Converting to Active Rendering
    • 2.4. FPS and Sleeping for Varying Times
      • 2.4.1. Timer Resolution
      • 2.4.2. Am I Done Yet? (Nope)
      • 2.4.3. Improved J2SE Timers
      • 2.4.4. Using Non-J2SE Timers
      • 2.4.5. Measuring Timer Resolution
      • 2.4.6. Java 3D Timer Bug Alert
    • 2.5. Sleeping Better
      • 2.5.1. Handling Sleep Inaccuracies
    • 2.6. FPS and UPS
      • 2.6.1. Separating Updates from Rendering
    • 2.7. Pausing and Resuming
    • 2.8. Other Animation Approaches
      • 2.8.1. Swing Timer Animation
      • 2.8.2. The Utility Timer
  • 3. Worms in Windows and Applets
    • 3.1. Preliminary Considerations
      • 3.1.1. The Choice of Timer
      • 3.1.2. Class Reuse
      • 3.1.3. Testing for Speed
    • 3.2. Class Diagrams for the WormChase Application
    • 3.3. The Worm-Chasing Application
    • 3.4. The Game Panel
      • 3.4.1. User Input
      • 3.4.2. The Animation Loop
      • 3.4.3. Statistics Gathering
      • 3.4.4. Drawing the Canvas
    • 3.5. Storing Worm Information
      • 3.5.1. Growing a Worm
      • 3.5.2. Calculating a New Head Point
      • 3.5.3. Choosing a Bearing
      • 3.5.4. Dealing with Obstacles
      • 3.5.5. Moving the Worm
      • 3.5.6. Drawing the Worm
      • 3.5.7. Testing the Worm
    • 3.6. Worm Obstacles
    • 3.7. Application Timing Results
      • 3.7.1. Timing Results Using currentTimeMillis()
    • 3.8. WormChase as an Applet
      • 3.8.1. The WormChaseApplet Class
      • 3.8.2. The WormPanel Class
      • 3.8.3. Timing Results
    • 3.9. Compilation in J2SE 5.0
      • 3.9.1. What Is a Type-Safe Collection?
      • 3.9.2. Dealing with Raw Types in J2SE 5.0
  • 4. Full-Screen Worms
    • 4.1. An Almost Full-Screen (AFS) Worm
      • 4.1.1. The AFS WormChase Class
      • 4.1.2. Stopping Window Movement
      • 4.1.3. Timings for AFS
    • 4.2. An Undecorated Full-Screen (UFS) Worm
      • 4.2.1. The UFS WormChase Class
      • 4.2.2. The Game Panel
      • 4.2.3. Button Behavior
      • 4.2.4. Drawing the Game Canvas
      • 4.2.5. Exiting the Game
      • 4.2.6. Timings for UFS
    • 4.3. A Full-Screen Exclusive Mode (FSEM) Worm
      • 4.3.1. The FSEM WormChase Class
      • 4.3.2. Setting Up Full-Screen Exclusive Mode
      • 4.3.3. Double Buffering, Page Flipping, and More
      • 4.3.4. Rendering the Game
      • 4.3.5. Finishing Off
      • 4.3.6. Displaying the Display Mode
      • 4.3.7. Changing the Display Mode
      • 4.3.8. Timings for FSEM
    • 4.4. Timings at 80 to 85 FPS
  • 5. An Introduction to Java Imaging
    • 5.1. Image Formats
    • 5.2. The AWT Imaging Model
      • 5.1.1. The MediaTracker Class
      • 5.1.2. ImageIcon
      • 5.1.3. The Rise of JARs
      • 5.1.4. AWT Image Processing
    • 5.3. An Overview of Java 2D
      • 5.2.1. The Graphics2D Class
      • 5.2.2. Java 2D and Active Rendering
    • 5.4. Buffering an Image
      • 5.4.1. From Image to BufferedImage
      • 5.4.2. The Internals of BufferedImage
      • 5.4.3. BufferedImageOp Operations
    • 5.5. Managed Images
    • 5.6. VolatileImage
    • 5.7. Java 2D Speed
    • 5.8. Portability and Java 2D
    • 5.9. JAI
  • 6. Image Loading, Visual Effects, and Animation
    • 6.1.
      • 6.1.1. Class Diagrams for the Application
    • 6.2. Loading Images
      • 6.2.1. Internal Data Structures
      • 6.2.2. Getting an Image
      • 6.2.3. Using ImagesLoader
      • 6.2.4. Implementation Details
      • 6.2.5. Image Loading
      • 6.2.6. Loading Strip File Images
    • 6.3. Applying Image Effects
      • 6.3.1. Starting ImagesTests
      • 6.3.2. Initializing Images
      • 6.3.3. Updating the Images
      • 6.3.4. Painting the Images
      • 6.3.5. Information on Accelerated Memory
    • 6.4. Displaying Image Sequences
      • 6.4.1. Implementation Details
    • 6.5. Visual Effects for 'o' Images
      • 6.5.1. Precalculation Is Faster
      • 6.5.2. drawImage()-Based Processing
      • 6.5.3. Alpha Compositing
      • 6.5.4. Affine Transforms
      • 6.5.5. ConvolveOp Processing
      • 6.5.6. LookupOp Processing
      • 6.5.7. RescaleOp Processing
        • 6.5.7.1. Brightening the image
        • 6.5.7.2. Negating the image
      • 6.5.8. BandCombineOp Processing
      • 6.5.9. Pixel Effects
        • 6.5.8.1. Teleporting an image
        • 6.5.8.2. Zapping an image
    • 6.6. Packaging the Application as a JAR
  • 7. Introducing Java Sound
    • 7.1. Applet Playing
    • 7.2. The AudioClip Class
    • 7.3. The Sound Player
    • 7.4. The Java Sound API
    • 7.5. Sampled Audio
      • 7.5.1. The Mixer
      • 7.5.2. Playing a Clip
      • 7.5.3. Short Sound Bug in J2SE 5.0
      • 7.5.4. Playing a Buffered Sample
    • 7.6. MIDI
      • 7.6.1. A MIDI Sequence
      • 7.6.2. Playing a MIDI Sequence
    • 7.7. Java Sound API Compared with JMF and JOAL
    • 7.8. Java Sound API Resources
    • 7.9. Audio Resources
  • 8. Loading and Playing Sounds
    • 8.1. Loader Design and Implementation Issues
    • 8.2. Testing the Loaders
      • 8.2.1. Watching the Loaders
      • 8.2.2. Termination
      • 8.2.3. The Listener Methods
    • 8.3. The Sounds Panel
    • 8.4. The Clips Loader
      • 8.4.1. Playing Clips
    • 8.5. Storing Clip Information
      • 8.5.1. Stopping Clips
      • 8.5.2. Pausing and Resuming Clips
      • 8.5.3. Handing Line Events
    • 8.6. The Midi Sequences Loader
      • 8.6.1. Playing Sequences
      • 8.6.2. Pausing and Resuming Sequences
      • 8.6.3. Stopping Sequences
      • 8.6.4. Closing Sequences
    • 8.7. Storing Midi Information
      • 8.7.1. Stopping Sequences
      • 8.7.2. Pausing and Resuming Sequences
    • 8.8. LoadersTests as a JAR File
  • 9. Audio Effects
    • 9.1. Audio Effects on Sampled Audio
      • 9.1.1. Precalculation
      • 9.1.2. Byte Array Manipulation
        • 9.1.2.1. Making a sound clip echo
        • 9.1.2.2. Playing
      • 9.1.3. Utilizing Mixer Controls
        • 9.1.3.1. Adjusting a clip's volume and pan values
        • 9.1.3.2. What controls are available?
        • 9.1.3.3. Java audio controls
        • 9.1.3.4. Setting the volume in PlaceClip
        • 9.1.3.5. Panning between the speakers in PlaceClip
    • 9.2. Audio Effects on MIDI Sequences
      • 9.2.1. Precalculation
      • 9.2.2. Sequence Manipulation
        • 9.2.2.1. Doubling the sequence volume
      • 9.2.3. MIDI Channel Controllers
        • 9.2.3.1. Making a sequence fade away
        • 9.2.3.2. Getting and setting the volume
        • 9.2.3.3. Changing the volume
        • 9.2.3.4. The MIDI volume bug
        • 9.2.3.5. Panning the sequence
        • 9.2.3.6. Changing the pan value
      • 9.2.4. Sequencer Methods
  • 10. Audio Synthesis
    • 10.1. Sampled Audio Synthesis
      • 10.1.1. Note Names
      • 10.1.2. Playing a Note
      • 10.1.3. Synthesizing Notes
        • 10.1.3.1. Creating samples
        • 10.1.3.2. Extending NotesSynth
    • 10.2. MIDI Synthesis
      • 10.2.1. Sending Note-Playing Message to a MIDI Channel
      • 10.2.2. Sending MIDI Messages to the Synthesizer's Receiver Port
        • 10.2.2.1. Control change messages
      • 10.2.3. Creating a Sequence
        • 10.2.3.1. Instruments and soundbanks
        • 10.2.3.2. Listing instruments
        • 10.2.3.3. Making a sequence
        • 10.2.3.4. Playing the sequence
        • 10.2.3.5. The add() methods
        • 10.2.3.6. Changing an instrument
        • 10.2.3.7. Program and bank change
        • 10.2.3.8. From note name to MIDI number
        • 10.2.3.9. Extending SeqSynth
    • 10.3. Audio Synthesis Libraries
  • 11. Sprites
    • 11.1. Bats, Balls, and Sprites
    • 11.2. Class Diagrams for BugRunner
    • 11.3. The Bug Starts Running
    • 11.4. The Animation Framework
      • 11.4.1. User Interaction
      • 11.4.2. The Animation Loop
      • 11.4.3. Finishing the Game
    • 11.5. Defining a Sprite
    • 11.6. Coding a Sprite
      • 11.6.1. The Sprite Constructor
      • 11.6.2. A Sprite's Image
      • 11.6.3. A Sprite's Bounding Box
      • 11.6.4. Updating a Sprite
      • 11.6.5. Drawing a Sprite
    • 11.7. Specifying a Sprite with a Statechart
      • 11.7.1. Translating a Statechart to Code
    • 11.8. The Ball Sprite
      • 11.8.1. Textual Specification
      • 11.8.2. Statechart Specification
      • 11.8.3. Translating the Statechart
        • 11.8.3.1. Updating the sprite
        • 11.8.3.2. Hitting a wall
        • 11.8.3.3. Leaving the screen
        • 11.8.3.4. Drawing the sprite
    • 11.9. Defining the Bat
      • 11.9.1. Textual Specification
      • 11.9.2. Statechart Specification
      • 11.9.3. Translating the Statechart
        • 11.9.3.1. User-based reactions
        • 11.9.3.2. Mouse responses
        • 11.9.3.3. Time-based reactions
        • 11.9.3.4. Concurrently shared data
  • 12. A Side-Scroller
    • 12.1. JumpingJack in Layers
    • 12.2. Class Diagrams for JumpingJack
    • 12.3. Start Jack Jumping
    • 12.4. The Animation Framework
      • 12.4.1. Dealing with Input
      • 12.4.2. Multiple Key Presses/Actions
      • 12.4.3. The Animation Loop
        • 12.4.3.1. Rendering order
      • 12.4.4. Handling an Explosion
    • 12.5. Managing the Ribbons
    • 12.6. Wraparound Ribbons
      • 12.6.1. Drawing the Ribbon's Image
        • 12.6.1.1. Case 1: Draw the image at JPanel (0,0)
        • 12.6.1.2. Case 2: Image moving right, where xImHead is less than pWidth
        • 12.6.1.3. Case 3: Image moving right, where xImHead is greater than or equal to pWidth
        • 12.6.1.4. Case 4: Image moving left, where xImHead is greater than or equal to (pWidth-width)
        • 12.6.1.5. Case 5. Image moving left, where xImHead is less than (pWidth-width)
    • 12.7. Managing the Bricks
      • 12.7.1. Loading Bricks Information
      • 12.7.2. Initializing the Bricks Data Structures
      • 12.7.3. Moving the Bricks Map
      • 12.7.4. Drawing the Bricks
        • 12.7.4.1. Case 1. Bricks map moving right and bCoord is less than pWidth
        • 12.7.4.2. Case 2. Bricks map moving right and bCoord is greater than pWidth
        • 12.7.4.3. Case 3. Bricks map moving left and bCoord is greater than (pWidth-width+imWidth)
        • 12.7.4.4. Case 4. Bricks map moving left and bCoord is less than (pWidth-width+ imWidth)
        • 12.7.4.5. The drawBricks() method
      • 12.7.5. JumperSprite-Related Methods
        • 12.7.5.1. Finding the floor
        • 12.7.5.2. Testing for brick collision
        • 12.7.5.3. Jumping and hitting your head
        • 12.7.5.4. Falling and sinking into the ground
    • 12.8. Storing Brick Information
    • 12.9. The Fireball
      • 12.9.1. Statechart Specification
    • 12.10. The Jumping Sprite
      • 12.10.1. Statechart Specification
      • 12.10.2. Representing the States
      • 12.10.3. Initialization
      • 12.10.4. Key Event Processing
      • 12.10.5. JackPanel Collision Testing
      • 12.10.6. Updating the Sprite
        • 12.10.6.1. Falling?
      • 12.10.7. Vertical Movement
    • 12.11. Other Side-Scroller Examples
    • 12.12. Tiling Software
  • 13. An Isometric Tile Game
    • 13.1. Isometric Tiles
      • 13.1.1. Movement
      • 13.1.2. Placing a Sprite/Object
      • 13.1.3. The Tile Map Surface
      • 13.1.4. The Aliens
    • 13.2. Class Diagrams for AlienTiles
    • 13.3. The Animation Framework
      • 13.3.1. Managing the Game World
      • 13.3.2. Dealing with Input
      • 13.3.3. The Animation Loop
      • 13.3.4. Ending the Game
    • 13.4. Managing the World
      • 13.4.1. Loading Floor Information
        • 13.4.1.1. Storing floor data
        • 13.4.1.2. Creating obstacles
      • 13.4.2. Loading World Entity Information
      • 13.4.3. Pickup Methods
      • 13.4.4. Player Methods
      • 13.4.5. Drawing the World
    • 13.5. Managing WorldItems
      • 13.5.1. Adding an Entity
      • 13.5.2. Drawing Entities
      • 13.5.3. Pickup Methods
    • 13.6. The Tile Occupier
      • 13.6.1. Additional Sprite Information
      • 13.6.2. Drawing a Tile Occupier
    • 13.7. A Sprite on a Tile
      • 13.7.1. Moving to Another Tile
    • 13.8. The Player Sprite
      • 13.8.1. Moving (and Standing Still)
      • 13.8.2. Drawing the Player
      • 13.8.3. Being Hit by an Alien
      • 13.8.4. Trying to Pick Up a Pickup
    • 13.9. The Alien Sprite
      • 13.9.1. Updating the AlienSprite
    • 13.10. The Quadrant-Based Alien Sprite
      • 13.10.1. Planning a Move
      • 13.10.2. Moving the AlienQuadSprite
    • 13.11. The A*-Based Alien Sprite
      • 13.11.1. Planning a Move
      • 13.11.2. The A* Algorithm
      • 13.11.3. Moving the AlienAStarSprite
    • 13.12. Storing Tile Details
      • 13.12.1. Calculating the Cost to the Goal
    • 13.13. Further Reading
      • 13.13.1. A* Information
  • 14. Introducing Java 3D
    • 14.1. Java 3D
      • 14.1.1. DirectX or OpenGL?
      • 14.1.2. The Scene Graph
        • 14.1.2.1. Some Java 3D scene graph nodes
        • 14.1.2.2. The HelloUniverse scene graph
    • 14.2. Java 3D Strengths
      • 14.2.1. The Scene Graph
      • 14.2.2. Performance
      • 14.2.3. Unique Features
      • 14.2.4. Java Integration
      • 14.2.5. Documentation and Examples
    • 14.3. Criticisms of Java 3D for Games Programming
      • 14.3.1. Java 3D Is Too Slow for Games
        • 14.3.1.1. Java 3D is slow because Java is slow
      • 14.3.2. Java 3D Is Too High-Level
      • 14.3.3. Lack of Console Support
      • 14.3.4. No Real Java 3D Games
        • 14.3.4.1. Java 3D loaders for games
        • 14.3.4.2. Add-ons for gaming
      • 14.3.5. Sun Doesn't Support Java 3D
        • 14.3.5.1. Roadmaps for the future
    • 14.4. Alternatives to Java 3D
      • 14.4.1. Java Bindings to OpenGL
        • 14.4.1.1. GL4Java
        • 14.4.1.2. Lightweight Java Game Library (LWJGL)
        • 14.4.1.3. JOGL
      • 14.4.2. Scene Graph APIs
        • 14.4.2.1. Xith3D
        • 14.4.2.2. OpenMind
        • 14.4.2.3. jME graphics engine
        • 14.4.2.4. Jist3D
        • 14.4.2.5. JiD
        • 14.4.2.6. Aviatrix3D
        • 14.4.2.7. Kahlua
        • 14.4.2.8. jFree-D2
      • 14.4.3. Game Engine Bindings
        • 14.4.3.1. Auriga3D
        • 14.4.3.2. Jake2
        • 14.4.3.3. Ogre4J
        • 14.4.3.4. Jirr
        • 14.4.3.5. Odejava
  • 15. A 3D Checkerboard: Checkers3D
    • 15.1. Class Diagrams for Checkers3D
    • 15.2. Integrating Java 3D and Swing
    • 15.3. Scene Graph Creation
      • 15.3.1. Lighting the Scene
      • 15.3.2. The Scene's Background
    • 15.4. Floating Spheres
      • 15.4.1. Coloring the Spheres
      • 15.4.2. Positioning the Spheres
    • 15.5. The Floor
      • 15.5.1. The Colored Tiles
      • 15.5.2. The Floor's Axis Labels
    • 15.6. Viewer Positioning
    • 15.7. Viewer Movement
    • 15.8. Viewing the Scene Graph
  • 16. Loading and Manipulating External Models
    • 16.1. An Overview of LoaderInfo3D
    • 16.2. Loaders in Java 3D
      • 16.2.1. Using NCSA Portfolio Loaders
    • 16.3. Displaying a Model
      • 16.3.1. Scaling the Model
    • 16.4. Examining a Model's Scene Graph
      • 16.4.1. Graph Traversal Output
    • 16.5. Adjusting a Model's Shape Attributes
      • 16.5.1. Turning the Shape Blue
      • 16.5.2. Drawing a Shape in Outline
      • 16.5.3. Making a Shape Almost Transparent
      • 16.5.4. Adding a Texture to a Shape
        • 16.5.4.1. Texture coordinates
        • 16.5.4.2. A tendency to strip
        • 16.5.4.3. Applying the texture to the shape
    • 16.6. An Overview of Loader3D
    • 16.7. Using Loader3D
    • 16.8. Creating the Scene
    • 16.9. Managing the Model
    • 16.10. Building the Model's Scene Graph
      • 16.10.1. Loading the Model
      • 16.10.2. Loading and Applying the Coords Data
      • 16.10.3. Handling Rotation
        • 16.10.3.1. Applying the rotation
      • 16.10.4. Making the Model Available
      • 16.10.5. Modifying the Model's Configuration at Runtime
  • 17. Using a Lathe to Make Shapes
    • 17.1. Class Diagrams for Lathe3D
    • 17.2. Creating the Scene
      • 17.2.1. Shapes with Curves and Lines
      • 17.2.2. Shapes with Colors
      • 17.2.3. Different Curve Rotations
    • 17.3. The Lathe Curve
      • 17.3.1. Specifying Curve Segments
      • 17.3.2. Implementation
      • 17.3.3. Calculating the Tangents
      • 17.3.4. Building the Entire Curve
    • 17.4. The Lathe Shape
      • 17.4.1. Creating the Geometry
      • 17.4.2. You Say You Want a Revolution
      • 17.4.3. Creating Texture Coordinates
      • 17.4.4. A Thin Problem
      • 17.4.5. Making an Appearance
    • 17.5. Subclassing the Lathe Shape
      • 17.5.1. An Elliptical Shape
      • 17.5.2. A Rhodonea Shape
  • 18. 3D Sprites
    • 18.1. Class Diagrams for Tour3D
    • 18.2. Creating the Scene
      • 18.2.1. Adding a Background Image
      • 18.2.2. Full-Screen Display
      • 18.2.3. Adding Scenery and Obstacles
      • 18.2.4. Obstacles
    • 18.3. The Basic 3D Sprite
      • 18.3.1. Visibility
      • 18.3.2. Movement and Rotation
      • 18.3.3. Obstacle and Boundary Detection
      • 18.3.4. Updating the Sprite
    • 18.4. The User's Touring Sprite
    • 18.5. The Alien Sprite
    • 18.6. Behaviors in Java 3D
    • 18.7. Controlling the Touring Sprite
      • 18.7.1. What's a Third-Person Camera?
      • 18.7.2. Setting Up TouristControls
      • 18.7.3. Keys Understood by TouristControls
      • 18.7.4. Viewpoint Initialization
      • 18.7.5. Moving the Camera
      • 18.7.6. Zooming the Camera
      • 18.7.7. Rotating the Camera
    • 18.8. Updating the Alien Sprite
  • 19. Animated 3D Sprites
    • 19.1.
      • 19.1.1. Keyframe Animation in This Chapter
    • 19.2. Class Diagrams for AnimTour3D
    • 19.3. Creating the Scene
    • 19.4. The Animated 3D Sprite
      • 19.4.1. Loading the Poses
      • 19.4.2. Where Did These Models Come From?
      • 19.4.3. Setting a Pose
      • 19.4.4. Sprite Activity
      • 19.4.5. Floor Boundary Detection
    • 19.5. Controlling the Sprite
    • 19.6. Animating the Sprite
      • 19.6.1. Adding an Animation Sequence
      • 19.6.2. Processing an Animation Operation
      • 19.6.3. Updating the User's Viewpoint
    • 19.7. Full-Screen Exclusive Mode (FSEM)
    • 19.8. A Full-Screen Version of the Application
      • 19.8.1. Creating the Full-Screen Scene
      • 19.8.2. Changing the Display Mode
    • 19.9. Pros and Cons of Keyframe Animation
  • 20. An Articulated, Moveable Figure
    • 20.1. The Articulated Figure Application
      • 20.1.1. Building the Figure
    • 20.2. Forward and Inverse Kinematics
      • 20.2.1. Forward Kinematics in Mover3D
    • 20.3. Class Diagrams for Mover3D
    • 20.4. Creating the Scene
    • 20.5. Processing User Input
    • 20.6. The Commands Panel
      • 20.6.1. Processing a Command
    • 20.7. Making and Moving the Figure
      • 20.7.1. Building the Figure
      • 20.7.2. Orientating Limbs
      • 20.7.3. Creating the Scene Graph
      • 20.7.4. Processing Limb-Related Operations
      • 20.7.5. Figure Movement
    • 20.8. Modeling a Limb
      • 20.8.1. Growing a Limb
      • 20.8.2. Updating and Resetting
    • 20.9. Moving a Limb
      • 20.9.1. Moving an Elliptical Limb
    • 20.10. Other Articulated Figures
    • 20.11. Articulation and Mesh Deformation
    • 20.12. Articulation and Skinning
    • 20.13. Articulation and Morphing
  • 21. Particle Systems
    • 21.1. Particle Systems in Java 3D
      • 21.1.1. Referring to Float Arrays
      • 21.1.2. Synchronization Problems
      • 21.1.3. The Inner Class Coding Style
    • 21.2. Class Diagrams for Particles3D
    • 21.3. Creating the Scene
    • 21.4. A Fountain of Points
      • 21.4.1. The Particle System's Geometry and Appearance
      • 21.4.2. Updating the Points
      • 21.4.3. Updating Particles
      • 21.4.4. Triggering an Update
    • 21.5. A Fountain of Lines
      • 21.5.1. Initializing the Particles
      • 21.5.2. Particle Appearance
      • 21.5.3. Updating the Particle System
    • 21.6. A Fountain of Quads
      • 21.6.1. Specifying the Geometry
      • 21.6.2. Initializing Particle Movement
      • 21.6.3. Initializing Particle Texture Coordinates
      • 21.6.4. Initializing Particle Normals
      • 21.6.5. Particle Appearance
      • 21.6.6. Updating the Particles
    • 21.7. Performance Results
    • 21.8. More Particle Systems
    • 21.9. Other Java 3D Approaches
    • 21.10. Non-Java 3D Approaches
  • 22. Flocking Boids
    • 22.1. A Flocking Application
    • 22.2. Scene Creation
    • 22.3. Adding Obstacles
      • 22.3.1. The boid shape
    • 22.4. Types of Boids
      • 22.4.1. Boid Movement
      • 22.4.2. Animating the Boid
      • 22.4.3. Velocity Rules
      • 22.4.4. Obstacle Avoidance
      • 22.4.5. Staying in Bounds
      • 22.4.6. The Prey Boid
      • 22.4.7. The Predator Boid
    • 22.5. Grouping the Boids
    • 22.6. Flock Behavior
      • 22.6.1. Animate the Boids
      • 22.6.2. Velocity Rules Again
      • 22.6.3. The Prey's Behavior
      • 22.6.4. Velocity Rules and Other Flocks
      • 22.6.5. Goodbye Prey
      • 22.6.6. The Predator's Behavior
      • 22.6.7. Lunch Time
  • 23. Shooting a Gun
    • 23.1. Class Diagrams for Shooter3D
    • 23.2. Scene Creation
    • 23.3. The Sound of Shooting
    • 23.4. Picking Scene Objects
      • 23.4.1. What to Pick in Shooter3D?
    • 23.5. Controlling the Gun
    • 23.6. Preparing the Laser Beam
      • 23.6.1. Shooting the Beam
    • 23.7. Causing an Explosion
      • 23.7.1. Rotating the Explosion
      • 23.7.2. Displaying a Series of Images
    • 23.8. Picking with a Mouse Click
      • 23.8.1. From Mouse Click to Picked Object
      • 23.8.2. Finding Intersections
    • 23.9. Shooting Behavior
      • 23.9.1. Debugging Picking
      • 23.9.2. Rotating the Cone
      • 23.9.3. Making the Explosion Face the Viewer
    • 23.10. Firing the Beam
    • 23.11. More on Picking
  • 24. A First-Person Shooter
    • 24.1. Class Diagrams for FPShooter3D
    • 24.2. Setting Up the Target
    • 24.3. Positioning and Moving the User's Viewpoint
      • 24.3.1. Viewpoint Behaviors
    • 24.4. Initializing the User's Viewpoint
    • 24.5. Adding an Image to the Viewpoint
      • 24.5.1. Why Use a GIF?
    • 24.6. Managing the Ammunition
      • 24.6.1. Shooting the Gun
    • 24.7. Managing a Laser Beam
      • 24.7.1. Firing a Beam
    • 24.8. Moving the Viewpoint
  • 25. A 3D Maze
    • 25.1. Class Diagrams for Maze3D
    • 25.2. Making a Maze Plan
      • 25.2.1. Generating a Maze Using Software
    • 25.3. The User Interface
    • 25.4. Managing the Maze
      • 25.4.1. Collision Detection
    • 25.5. Scenery Creation
      • 25.5.1. Making a Background
    • 25.6. Tiling the Floor
      • 25.6.1. The Textured Plane
    • 25.7. Viewpoint Creation
      • 25.7.1. The FOV
      • 25.7.2. Clip Distances
      • 25.7.3. Adding a Spotlight
      • 25.7.4. Adding an Avatar
      • 25.7.5. Positioning the Viewpoint
      • 25.7.6. Keyboard Controls
    • 25.8. The Back Facing Camera
      • 25.8.1. Adding the Second View to the GUI
    • 25.9. Moving the Viewpoint
    • 25.10. The Bird's-Eye View
      • 25.10.1. Moving the Arrow
      • 25.10.2. Rotating the Arrow
      • 25.10.3. Why Not Use a Bird's-Eye Camera?
    • 25.11. Related Approaches to Scene Generation
  • 26. Fractal Land
    • 26.1. Class Diagrams for the Fractal Land
      • 26.1.1. What Is Flatness?
    • 26.2. Building the Fractal Land
      • 26.2.1. Linear Fog
      • 26.2.2. User Controls
    • 26.3. Creating the Landscape
      • 26.3.1. Creating Floors
      • 26.3.2. Creating Walls
      • 26.3.3. On the Floor
      • 26.3.4. Picking a Height
      • 26.3.5. Issues with Terrain Representation
    • 26.4. Constructing the Ground
      • 26.4.1. Stripification
      • 26.4.2. Texture Minification
      • 26.4.3. Multiple Textures
    • 26.5. Generating a Fractal Landscape
      • 26.5.1. Printing the Mesh
      • 26.5.2. Fixing the Randomness
    • 26.6. Responding to Key Presses
    • 26.7. Terrain Following and Collision Avoidance
    • 26.8. Placing Objects in the Scene
    • 26.9. Other Fractal Landscapes
  • 27. Terrain Generation with Terragen
    • 27.1. Class Diagrams for Terra3D
    • 27.2. Terragen
      • 27.2.1. Using Terragen
      • 27.2.2. Extracting a Terragen Texture
    • 27.3. Scenery Creation
      • 27.3.1. Setting Up the User's Controls
    • 27.4. Building the Landscape
      • 27.4.1. Loading the Mesh
      • 27.4.2. Placing the Terrain in the World
      • 27.4.3. Adding Texture to the Terrain
    • 27.5. Making 3D Scenery
      • 27.5.1. Placing the Models
    • 27.6. Adding Landscape Walls
      • 27.6.1. A Wall as a Textured Plane
    • 27.7. Creating Ground Cover
      • 27.7.1. The Ground Cover
      • 27.7.2. The Ground Shape
    • 27.8. Moving over the Surface
      • 27.8.1. Where Am I?
      • 27.8.2. Strolling Around the Terrain
    • 27.9. Finding the Surface Height
      • 27.9.1. Picking in HeightFinder
    • 27.10. Accelerating Terrain Following
      • 27.10.1. More Threads?
      • 27.10.2. Mesh Decomposition
    • 27.11. More on Terrain Generation
      • 27.11.1. DEM and Terrain Generation
      • 27.11.2. ROAM
      • 27.11.3. The CLOD Algorithm
      • 27.11.4. Other Java 3D Projects
  • 28. Trees That Grow
    • 28.1. Class Diagrams for Trees3D
    • 28.2. Creating the Scene
      • 28.2.1. Loading Leaves
      • 28.2.2. Depth-Sorting for Transparency
      • 28.2.3. Getting Ready for Growth
    • 28.3. Building a Tree Limb
      • 28.3.1. Storing Tree Limb Information
      • 28.3.2. Subgraph Creation
      • 28.3.3. Scaling
      • 28.3.4. Changing the Limb's Color
      • 28.3.5. Leaves on Trees
    • 28.4. Executing the Rules
    • 28.5. Displaying Leaves
    • 28.6. Comparison with L-Systems
      • 28.6.1. Java 3D and L-Systems
      • 28.6.2. So Why Not Use L-Systems?
  • 29. Networking Basics
    • 29.1. The Elements of Network Communication
      • 29.1.1. Topology
      • 29.1.2. Bandwidth
      • 29.1.3. Latency
      • 29.1.4. Reliability
      • 29.1.5. Protocol
    • 29.2. The Client/Server Model
    • 29.3. The Peer-to-Peer Model
    • 29.4. Client/Server Programming in Java
      • 29.4.1. TCP Client and Sequential Server
        • 29.4.1.1. Class diagrams
        • 29.4.1.2. The sequential score server
        • 29.4.1.3. Processing a client
        • 29.4.1.4. Maintaining the scores information
        • 29.4.1.5. The scores client
        • 29.4.1.6. A simple alternative client
      • 29.4.2. TCP Client and Multithreaded Server
        • 29.4.2.1. Maintaining scores information
      • 29.4.3. TCP Client and Multiplexing Server
        • 29.4.3.1. The multiplexing scores server
        • 29.4.3.2. Having the server accept a new client
        • 29.4.3.3. Having the server accept a request from an existing client
        • 29.4.3.4. Storing client information
        • 29.4.3.5. Reading a message
        • 29.4.3.6. Sending a message
        • 29.4.3.7. Waiting to send
        • 29.4.3.8. The client
      • 29.4.4. UDP Client and Server
        • 29.4.4.1. The UDP-based scores server
        • 29.4.4.2. The UDP-based scores client
    • 29.5. P2P Programming in Java
      • 29.5.1.
        • 29.5.1.1. The multicasting time server
        • 29.5.1.2. The multicasting time client
    • 29.6. Firewalls
      • 29.6.1. Retrieving a Web Page
      • 29.6.2. Proxy Authorization
      • 29.6.3. A Web-Based Client and Server
        • 29.6.3.1. A servlet that serves up time
        • 29.6.3.2. The time client
      • 29.6.4. Applets as Clients
    • 29.7. Other Kinds of Java Networking
  • 30. Network Chat
    • 30.1. Threaded TCP Clients and Server
      • 30.1.1. The Chat Client
      • 30.1.2. Showing a Message and Threads
      • 30.1.3. Waiting for Chat Messages
      • 30.1.4. The Chat Server
      • 30.1.5. The Threaded Chat Handler
      • 30.1.6. Storing Chat Client Information
      • 30.1.7. The Chatter Class
      • 30.1.8. Discussion
    • 30.2. UDP Multicasting Clients and a Name Server
      • 30.2.1. The Name Server
      • 30.2.2. Improving Client Login and Logout
      • 30.2.3. Multicast Chatting
        • 30.2.3.1. Having the client talk to the name server
        • 30.2.3.2. Having the client talk to the multicast group
        • 30.2.3.3. Hearing from the multicast group
      • 30.2.4. How Invisible Are Invisible Messages?
      • 30.2.5. Ways to Implement who
    • 30.3. Clients Using a Servlet as a Server
      • 30.3.1. The URL-Based Chat Client
        • 30.3.1.1. Talking to the servlet
      • 30.3.2. Polling for Chat Messages
      • 30.3.3. The Chat Servlet
        • 30.3.3.1. Dealing with a new client
        • 30.3.3.2. Processing client messages
      • 30.3.4. Storing Chat Group Information
        • 30.3.4.1. Adding a new client to the group
        • 30.3.4.2. Reading client messages
      • 30.3.5. The Chatter Class
  • 31. A Networked Two-Person Game
    • 31.1. The Standalone Tic-Tac-Toe Game
      • 31.1.1. The Origins of the Game
      • 31.1.2. Building the Game Scene
      • 31.1.3. Building the Game Markers
      • 31.1.4. Picking and Dragging
        • 31.1.4.1. Dragging the board
        • 31.1.4.2. Picking a marker
        • 31.1.4.3. Picking comparisons
      • 31.1.5. The Game Representation
        • 31.1.5.1. Processing a selected position
        • 31.1.5.2. Storing the selected position
        • 31.1.5.3. Reporting a winner
    • 31.2. The Networked Tic-Tac-Toe Game
      • 31.2.1. Two-Person Communication Protocols
        • 31.2.1.1. Initialization
        • 31.2.1.2. Termination
        • 31.2.1.3. Game play
      • 31.2.2. Playing the Game
      • 31.2.3. The Top-Level Server
      • 31.2.4. The Player Handlers
    • 31.3. Comparing NetFourByFour and FourByFour
      • 31.3.1. Game Initialization in the Client
      • 31.3.2. Game Termination in the Client
        • 31.3.2.1. The player has won
        • 31.3.2.2. The close box was clicked
        • 31.3.2.3. Too few players, and the game is full
        • 31.3.2.4. The handler or other player has died
      • 31.3.3. Game Play in the Client
        • 31.3.3.1. Player 1's client
        • 31.3.3.2. Server-side processing
        • 31.3.3.3. Player 2's client
      • 31.3.4. Writing on the Canvas
        • 31.3.4.1. Mixed mode rendering
        • 31.3.4.2. Drawing on the overlay canvas
  • 32. A Networked Virtual Environment
    • 32.1. Background on NVEs
      • 32.1.1. The Elements of an NVE
        • 32.1.1.1. Spaces
        • 32.1.1.2. Users
        • 32.1.1.3. Objects
        • 32.1.1.4. Views
        • 32.1.1.5. Consistency
        • 32.1.1.6. Real-time
        • 32.1.1.7. Dead reckoning
        • 32.1.1.8. Security
        • 32.1.1.9. Scalability
    • 32.2. An Overview of NetTour3D
      • 32.2.1. Class Diagrams for NetTour3D
      • 32.2.2. NetTour3D as a Simple NVE
    • 32.3. Scene Creation on the Client
    • 32.4. Defining Sprites
    • 32.5. Local Sprites
      • 32.5.1. Creating a Local Sprite
      • 32.5.2. Moving and Rotating a Local Sprite
      • 32.5.3. The Departure of a Local Sprite
    • 32.6. Watching the Server
      • 32.6.1. Creating a Distributed Sprite
      • 32.6.2. The Distributed Sprites Class
      • 32.6.3. Moving and Rotating a Distributed Sprite
      • 32.6.4. Responding to Sprite Detail Requests
      • 32.6.5. Receiving Other Client's Sprite Details
    • 32.7. Server Activities
      • 32.7.1. Broadcasting
      • 32.7.2. Client-to-Client Message Passing
    • 32.8. Other Java NVEs
      • 32.8.1. The Sun Game Server
  • A. Installation Using install4j
    • A.1. install4j Versus JWS
    • A.2. The Java 3D Components
      • A.2.1. Java 3D Components for BugRunner
      • A.2.2. j3dutils.jar on a Diet
    • A.3. The BugRunner Application
      • A.3.1. Preparing the JARs
      • A.3.2. Testing
      • A.3.3. Creating the BugRunner Installer
      • A.3.4. Uninstallation
      • A.3.5. The BugRunner Installer
    • A.4. The Checkers3D Application
      • A.4.1. Preparing the JARs
      • A.4.2. Changes to Checkers3D.java
      • A.4.3. Creating the Checkers3D Installer
      • A.4.4. The Checkers3D Installer
  • B. Installation Using Java Web Start
    • B.1. JWS Benefits
    • B.2. JWS Downsides
    • B.3. The JNLP Deployment File
    • B.4. Steps in Developing a JWS Application
    • B.5. A JWS Installer for BugRunner
      • B.5.1. Write the Application
      • B.5.2. Modify the Application for Deployment
      • B.5.3. Create a Public/Private Keypair for Signing the Application
      • B.5.4. Sign Everything with the Private Key
      • B.5.5. Create a Deployment File
        • B.5.5.1. Deployment testing
      • B.5.6. Place Everything on a Server
    • B.6. A JWS Installer for Checkers3D
      • B.6.1. Write the Application
      • B.6.2. Modify the Application for Deployment
      • B.6.3. Create a Public/Private Keypair for Signing the Application
      • B.6.4. Sign Everything with the Private Key
      • B.6.5. Create a Deployment File
      • B.6.6. Place Everything on a Server
    • B.7. Another Way to Install Checkers3D
    • B.8. The JWS Portal Page
      • B.8.1. Setting javawsInstalled in JavaScript
      • B.8.2. The JavaScript Functions
      • B.8.3. The VBScript Code
      • B.8.4. More Information on Portal Pages
    • B.9. Third-Party Certificates
      • B.9.1. Extract a CSR
      • B.9.2. Request a Certificate
      • B.9.3. Import the Certificate into the Keystore
      • B.9.4. Sign JARs with the Keypair
    • B.10. More Information
      • B.10.1. JWS and Java 3D
      • B.10.2. JWS and Other Libraries
  • Index
  • Colophon
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