Learning PHP and MySQL Michele E. Davis, Jon A. Phillips

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• Learning PHP and MySQL
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  • Preface
    • Audience
    • Assumptions This Book Makes
    • Organization of This Book
    • Supporting Books
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Using Code Examples
    • Safari Enabled
    • How to Contact Us
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. Dynamic Content and the Web
    • 1.1. PHP and MySQLs Place in Web Development
      • 1.1.1. Advantages of Using PHP with MySQL
      • 1.1.2. The Value of Open Source
    • 1.2. The Components of a PHP Application
      • 1.2.1. Birth of PHP
      • 1.2.2. Birth of Apache
      • 1.2.3. Apache Versions
      • 1.2.4. Birth of MySQL
      • 1.2.5. Compatibility
    • 1.3. Integrating Many Sources of Information
      • 1.3.1. MySQL Database
      • 1.3.2. PHP Templates
      • 1.3.3. Cascading Style Sheets
      • 1.3.4. HTML Markup
    • 1.4. Requesting Data from a Web Page
      • 1.4.1. PHP Interpretation on the Server
    • 1.5. Chapter 1 Questions
  • 2. Installation
    • 2.1. Developing Locally
      • 2.1.1. Installing Apache
      • 2.1.2. Installing PHP
      • 2.1.3. Installing MySQL 4.1
    • 2.2. Working Remotely
    • 2.3. Chapter 2 Questions
  • 3. Exploring PHP
    • 3.1. PHP and HTML Text
      • 3.1.1. Text Output
        • 3.1.1.1. Separating PHP from HTML
    • 3.2. Coding Building Blocks
      • 3.2.1. Variables
        • 3.2.1.1. Reading a variable's value
        • 3.2.1.2. Variable types
        • 3.2.1.3. Variable scope
          • 3.2.1.3.1. Global variables
          • 3.2.1.3.2. Static variables
          • 3.2.1.3.3. Super global variables
      • 3.2.2. Strings
        • 3.2.2.1. Special characters in strings
        • 3.2.2.2. Comparing strings
      • 3.2.3. Concatenation
        • 3.2.3.1. Combining strings with other types
      • 3.2.4. Constants
        • 3.2.4.1. Predefined constants
      • 3.2.5. Doing Math
        • 3.2.5.1. Combined assignment
        • 3.2.5.2. Autoincrement and autodecrement
        • 3.2.5.3. Pre-increment and -decrement
    • 3.3. Chapter 3 Questions
  • 4. PHP Decision Making
    • 4.1. Expressions
    • 4.2. Operator Concepts
      • 4.2.1. Number of Operands
      • 4.2.2. Types of Operands
        • 4.2.2.1. Order of precedence
        • 4.2.2.2. Associativity
      • 4.2.3. Relational Operators
        • 4.2.3.1. Equality
        • 4.2.3.2. Comparison operators
        • 4.2.3.3. Logical operators
    • 4.3. Conditionals
      • 4.3.1. The if Statement
        • 4.3.1.1. The else statement
        • 4.3.1.2. The elseif statement
      • 4.3.2. The ? Operator
      • 4.3.3. The switch Statement
        • 4.3.3.1. Breaking out
        • 4.3.3.2. Defaulting
    • 4.4. Looping
      • 4.4.1. while Loops
      • 4.4.2. do . . . while Loops
      • 4.4.3. for Loops
      • 4.4.4. Breaking Out of a Loop
      • 4.4.5. continue Statements
    • 4.5. Chapter 4 Questions
  • 5. Functions
    • 5.1. Calling Functions
    • 5.2. Defining Functions
      • 5.2.1. Parameters
      • 5.2.2. Parameter References
      • 5.2.3. Including and Requiring PHP Files
      • 5.2.4. The include Statement
        • 5.2.4.1. The include_once statement
        • 5.2.4.2. require and require_once functions
      • 5.2.5. Testing a Function
    • 5.3. Object-Oriented Programming
      • 5.3.1. Creating a Class
      • 5.3.2. Creating an Instance
      • 5.3.3. Methods and Constructors
      • 5.3.4. Variable Scope Within Classes
      • 5.3.5. Inheritance
        • 5.3.5.1. The extends operator
        • 5.3.5.2. The parent operator
      • 5.3.6. Static Methods and Variables
        • 5.3.6.1. The :: operator (scope resolution)
      • 5.3.7. Variable References
    • 5.4. Chapter 5 Questions
  • 6. Arrays
    • 6.1. Array Fundamentals
      • 6.1.1. Associative Versus Numeric Indexed Arrays
      • 6.1.2. Creating an Array
        • 6.1.2.1. Assignment via array identifiers
        • 6.1.2.2. Assignment using array
        • 6.1.2.3. Looping through and referencing array values
        • 6.1.2.4. Adding values to an array
        • 6.1.2.5. Counting how many elements are in an array
        • 6.1.2.6. Sorting arrays
      • 6.1.3. Multidimensional Arrays
      • 6.1.4. Extracting Variables from an Array
        • 6.1.4.1. Using compact to build an array from variables
      • 6.1.5. Array Functions in PHP
    • 6.2. Chapter 6 Questions
  • 7. Database Basics
    • 7.1. Database Design
      • 7.1.1. Relational Databases
      • 7.1.2. Relationship Types
        • 7.1.2.1. One-to-one relationships
        • 7.1.2.2. One-to-many relationships
        • 7.1.2.3. Many-to-many relationships
      • 7.1.3. Normalization
      • 7.1.4. Forms of Normalization
        • 7.1.4.1. First Normal Form
        • 7.1.4.2. Second Normal Form
        • 7.1.4.3. Third Normal Form
      • 7.1.5. Column Data Types
    • 7.2. Structured Query Language
      • 7.2.1. Creating Tables
      • 7.2.2. Adding Data to a Table
      • 7.2.3. Querying the Database
        • 7.2.3.1. Limit results with WHERE
        • 7.2.3.2. Specifying the order
        • 7.2.3.3. Joining tables together
        • 7.2.3.4. Natural joins
        • 7.2.3.5. Aliases
      • 7.2.4. Modifying Database Data
      • 7.2.5. Deleting Database Data
      • 7.2.6. Search Functions
      • 7.2.7. Logical Operators
    • 7.3. Chapter 7 Questions
  • 8. Using MySQL
    • 8.1. MySQL Database
      • 8.1.1. Accessing the Database with the Command Line
        • 8.1.1.1. Prompts
        • 8.1.1.2. Commands
    • 8.2. Managing the Database
      • 8.2.1. Creating Users
      • 8.2.2. Creating a MySQL Database
      • 8.2.3. Table Manipulation
        • 8.2.3.1. Renaming a table
        • 8.2.3.2. Changing a column's data type
        • 8.2.3.3. Adding a column
        • 8.2.3.4. Remove a column
        • 8.2.3.5. Deleting an entire table
      • 8.2.4. Using phpMyAdmin
    • 8.3. Backing Up and Restoring Data
      • 8.3.1. Copying Database Files
      • 8.3.2. The mysqldump Command
        • 8.3.2.1. Backing up
        • 8.3.2.2. Restoring a MySQL backup
        • 8.3.2.3. Working with other formats
        • 8.3.2.4. The mysqlimport command
        • 8.3.2.5. Backup best practices
    • 8.4. Advanced SQL
      • 8.4.1. Indexes
        • 8.4.1.1. When indexes are used
        • 8.4.1.2. Where to specify the index
        • 8.4.1.3. Multicolumn indexes
      • 8.4.2. Selecting Using the LEFT JOIN ON Clause
      • 8.4.3. Using Database Functions
        • 8.4.3.1. String functions
          • 8.4.3.1.1. Concatenation
          • 8.4.3.1.2. Concatenation with a predefined separator
          • 8.4.3.1.3. Calculate a string length
          • 8.4.3.1.4. Changing strings to upper- or lowercase
          • 8.4.3.1.5. Trimming and padding strings
          • 8.4.3.1.6. String location and position
          • 8.4.3.1.7. Cutting up strings
          • 8.4.3.1.8. Search and replace function
        • 8.4.3.2. Date and time functions
          • 8.4.3.2.1. Days, months, years, and weeks
          • 8.4.3.2.2. Hours, minutes, and seconds
          • 8.4.3.2.3. Dates and times arithmetic
          • 8.4.3.2.4. NOW function
          • 8.4.3.2.5. Formatting for display
    • 8.5. Chapter 8 Questions
  • 9. Getting PHP to Talk to MySQL
    • 9.1. The Process
      • 9.1.1. Resources
    • 9.2. Querying the Database with PHP Functions
      • 9.2.1. Including Database Login Details
      • 9.2.2. Connecting to the Database
        • 9.2.2.1. Troubleshooting connection errors
      • 9.2.3. Selecting the Database
      • 9.2.4. Building the SQL SELECT Query
      • 9.2.5. Executing the Query
      • 9.2.6. Fetching and Displaying
        • 9.2.6.1. Fetch types
      • 9.2.7. Closing the Connection
      • 9.2.8. Putting It All Together
    • 9.3. Using PEAR
      • 9.3.1. Installing
        • 9.3.1.1. Unix
        • 9.3.1.2. Windows
        • 9.3.1.3. Hosted ISP
      • 9.3.2. Adding Additional Packages
      • 9.3.3. Rewriting the Books Example with PEAR
        • 9.3.3.1. Creating a connect instance
        • 9.3.3.2. Connect string
        • 9.3.3.3. Querying
        • 9.3.3.4. Fetching
        • 9.3.3.5. Closing
        • 9.3.3.6. PEAR error reporting
    • 9.4. Chapter 9 Questions
  • 10. Working with Forms
    • 10.1. Building a Form
      • 10.1.1. Accessing Submitted Form Values
      • 10.1.2. Default Values
      • 10.1.3. Types of Input
        • 10.1.3.1. Text boxes
        • 10.1.3.2. Text areas
        • 10.1.3.3. Checkboxes
        • 10.1.3.4. Radio buttons
        • 10.1.3.5. Hidden
        • 10.1.3.6. Selects
      • 10.1.4. Working with Multiple Values
      • 10.1.5. Validating Data
        • 10.1.5.1. Validating checkboxes, radio buttons, and selects
        • 10.1.5.2. Validating text boxes and text areas
      • 10.1.6. Building a Feet-to-Meters Converter in PHP
      • 10.1.7. Building a Time Zone Conversion Utility in PHP
      • 10.1.8. Querying the Database with Form Data
    • 10.2. Templates
      • 10.2.1. Template Engine
      • 10.2.2. Installation
        • 10.2.2.1. Application level directories
        • 10.2.2.2. Creating sample scripts
        • 10.2.2.3. Create a sample template
    • 10.3. Chapter 10 Questions
  • 11. Practical PHP
    • 11.1. String Functions
      • 11.1.1. Formatting Strings for Display
        • 11.1.1.1. Using printf
        • 11.1.1.2. Padding
        • 11.1.1.3. Specifying precision
        • 11.1.1.4. Using sprintf
      • 11.1.2. Length
      • 11.1.3. Changing Case
      • 11.1.4. Checking for a String
      • 11.1.5. Using String Position and Substring to Extract a Portion of a String
    • 11.2. Date and Time Functions
      • 11.2.1. Display Formats
      • 11.2.2. Arithmetic
      • 11.2.3. Validating Dates
      • 11.2.4. Using mktime to Create a Timestamp
    • 11.3. File Manipulation
      • 11.3.1. Functions and Precautions
        • 11.3.1.1. Permissions
        • 11.3.1.2. Creating files
        • 11.3.1.3. Deleting files
        • 11.3.1.4. Moving files
      • 11.3.2. URL Wrappers
      • 11.3.3. Uploading Files
        • 11.3.3.1. Accessing the file
        • 11.3.3.2. Validation
    • 11.4. Calling System Calls
    • 11.5. Chapter 11 Questions
  • 12. Modifying MySQL Objects and PHP Data
    • 12.1. Changing Database Objects from PHP
      • 12.1.1. Creating a Table
      • 12.1.2. Dropping a Table
      • 12.1.3. Errors Happen
    • 12.2. Manipulating Table Data
      • 12.2.1. Adding Data
    • 12.3. Displaying Results with Embedded Links
    • 12.4. Presenting a Form to Add and Process in One File
      • 12.4.1. SQL Injection
      • 12.4.2. Cross-Site Scripting Attacks
    • 12.5. Updating Data
    • 12.6. Deleting Data
      • 12.6.1. Generating Unique Identifiers
    • 12.7. Performing a Subquery
    • 12.8. Chapter 12 Questions
  • 13. Cookies, Sessions, and Access Control
    • 13.1. Cookies
      • 13.1.1. Setting a Cookie
      • 13.1.2. Accessing a Cookie
      • 13.1.3. Destroying a Cookie
    • 13.2. PHP and HTTP Authentication
      • 13.2.1. Storing a Username and Password in a Database
    • 13.3. Sessions
      • 13.3.1. Using Sessions
      • 13.3.2. Expanding Our Login Example
      • 13.3.3. Ending a Session
        • 13.3.3.1. Garbage collection
        • 13.3.3.2. Setting a session's timeout
    • 13.4. Using Auth_HTTP to Authenticate
    • 13.5. Chapter 13 Questions
  • 14. Security
    • 14.1.
      • 14.1.1. Limit Access to Administrative Pages
      • 14.1.2. Including Files
      • 14.1.3. Storing Passwords in the Database
      • 14.1.4. The Problem with Automatic Global Variables
    • 14.2. Session Security
      • 14.2.1. Session Hijacking and Session Fixation
      • 14.2.2. Trusting User Data
      • 14.2.3. Shared Hosting Concerns
      • 14.2.4. Preventing Access to the Database
      • 14.2.5. Blocking Access to the Database for External Hosts
      • 14.2.6. Create Separate Database Users
      • 14.2.7. Magic Quotes
    • 14.3. Chapter 14 Questions
  • 15. Validation and Error Handling
    • 15.1. Validating User Input with JavaScript
    • 15.2. Pattern Matching
      • 15.2.1.
        • 15.2.1.1. Quantifiers
        • 15.2.1.2. Anchors
        • 15.2.1.3. Character classes
        • 15.2.1.4. Executing pattern matches in PHP
        • 15.2.1.5. preg_match
    • 15.3. Redisplaying a Form After PHP Validation Fails
    • 15.4. Chapter 15 Questions
  • 16. Sample Applications
    • 16.1. Building a Blog
      • 16.1.1. Configuration File
      • 16.1.2. Page Framework
      • 16.1.3. Database
        • 16.1.3.1. Sample data
      • 16.1.4. Displaying a Postings Summary
      • 16.1.5. Displaying a Posting and Its Comments
      • 16.1.6. Adding and Changing Posts
      • 16.1.7. Adding and Changing Comments
    • 16.2. Chapter 16 Questions
  • 17. Finishing Your Journey
    • 17.1. Finding Help on the Web
      • 17.1.1. Comments
      • 17.1.2. Formatting
        • 17.1.2.1. Indenting
        • 17.1.2.2. PHP tags
        • 17.1.2.3. Templating
        • 17.1.2.4. Expressions
        • 17.1.2.5. Function calls
        • 17.1.2.6. Function definitions
      • 17.1.3. Objects
      • 17.1.4. Naming
      • 17.1.5. Control Structures
        • 17.1.5.1. Including or requiring PHP files
    • 17.2. Web Sites
      • 17.2.1. Chat and Listservs for PHP
      • 17.2.2. PHP User Groups
    • 17.3. Zend
    • 17.4. Lampshade
    • 17.5. Chapter 17 Questions
  • A. Answers to Chapter Questions
    • A.1. Chapter 1
    • A.2. Chapter 2
    • A.3. Chapter 3
    • A.4. Chapter 4
    • A.5. Chapter 5
    • A.6. Chapter 6
    • A.7. Chapter 7
    • A.8. Chapter 8
    • A.9. Chapter 9
    • A.10. Chapter 10
    • A.11. Chapter 11
    • A.12. Chapter 12
    • A.13. Chapter 13
    • A.14. Chapter 14
    • A.15. Chapter 15
    • A.16. Chapter 16
    • A.17. Chapter 17
  • About the Authors
  • Colophon
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