Using SANs and NAS. Help for Storage Administrators

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• Using SANs and NAS
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  • Preface
    • Boy, Was This Fun!
    • What Is This Book For?
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Comments and Questions
    • Acknowledgments
  • 1. What Are SANs and NAS?
    • 1.1. From SCSI to SANs
    • 1.2. What Is a SAN?
    • 1.3. Backup and Recovery: Before SANs
      • 1.3.1. Things Got Better; Then They Got Worse
      • 1.3.2. Enter the SAN
    • 1.4. From NFS and SMB to NAS
      • 1.4.1. SMB/CIFS
      • 1.4.2. NFS
      • 1.4.3. NFS and CIFS: Before NAS
      • 1.4.4. Enter NAS
    • 1.5. SAN Versus NAS: A Summary
    • 1.6. Which Is Right for You?
      • 1.6.1. The Pros and Cons of NAS
      • 1.6.2. Pros and Cons of SANs
      • 1.6.3. It All Depends on Your Environment
  • 2. Fibre Channel Architecture
    • 2.1. Fibre Channel: An Overview
      • 2.1.1. Why Fibre Channel?
      • 2.1.2. What Is Fibre Channel?
    • 2.2. Fibre Channel Ports
      • 2.2.1. Addressing
    • 2.3. Fibre Channel Topologies
      • 2.3.1. Point-to-Point
      • 2.3.2. Fabric
      • 2.3.3. Arbitrated Loop
      • 2.3.4. FC-AL Versus Fabric
        • 2.3.4.1. Arbitration
        • 2.3.4.2. Address selection
      • 2.3.5. Combining Fabric and Arbitrated Loop Topologies
    • 2.4. SAN Building Blocks
      • 2.4.1. Servers
      • 2.4.2. Host Bus Adapters (HBAs)
      • 2.4.3. Switches
      • 2.4.4. Hubs
      • 2.4.5. Hub Switches
      • 2.4.6. Routers and Bridges
      • 2.4.7. Disk Systems
      • 2.4.8. Cabling
      • 2.4.9. Software
    • 2.5. Fibre Channel and SANs: A Summary
  • 3. Managing a SAN
    • 3.1. The Different Uses for SANs
      • 3.1.1. Large, High-Performance Databases
      • 3.1.2. Filesystems with Many, Many Files
      • 3.1.3. Databases Requiring Raw Device Access
      • 3.1.4. Vendors That Dont (or Won't) Support NAS
    • 3.2. SAN Issues to Be Managed
      • 3.2.1. Multiple Paths to a Single Device
      • 3.2.2. Multiple Servers Accessing the Same Device
      • 3.2.3. Storage Devices with Changing Addresses
      • 3.2.4. Lack of Interoperability
    • 3.3. Access to Storage Resources
      • 3.3.1. Storage Virtualization
        • 3.3.1.1. Slicing
        • 3.3.1.2. Striping/RAID
      • 3.3.2. Implementations of Virtualization
        • 3.3.2.1. Controller-based implementation
        • 3.3.2.2. Software-based implementation
      • 3.3.3. Zoning
        • 3.3.3.1. Creating zones
        • 3.3.3.2. Hard zones
        • 3.3.3.3. Soft zones
        • 3.3.3.4. Broadcast zones
        • 3.3.3.5. Naming your zones
      • 3.3.4. LUN Masking
      • 3.3.5. Designing Your SAN for Availability
      • 3.3.6. Multipathing
        • 3.3.6.1. Automatic failover
        • 3.3.6.2. Load balancing
        • 3.3.6.3. Preventing thrashing
      • 3.3.7. Persistent Binding
    • 3.4. Ongoing Maintenance
      • 3.4.1. Managing (Storage Resource Management)
      • 3.4.2. Monitoring
      • 3.4.3. Maintenance
    • 3.5. Using SANs to Maximize Your Storage
      • 3.5.1. Online Storage Maximization
      • 3.5.2. Is This for Real?
      • 3.5.3. Offline Storage Maximization
      • 3.5.4. Online and Offline Storage Maximization Combined
      • 3.5.5. Truly Highly Available Systems
    • 3.6. Summary
  • 4. SAN Backup and Recovery
    • 4.1. Overview
    • 4.2. LAN-Free Backups
      • 4.2.1. How Does This Work?
        • 4.2.1.1. SCSI reserve/release
        • 4.2.1.2. Third-party queuing system
      • 4.2.2. Levels of Drive Sharing
      • 4.2.3. Restores
      • 4.2.4. Other Ways to Share Tape Drives
        • 4.2.4.1. NDMP libraries
        • 4.2.4.2. SCSI over IP
        • 4.2.4.3. Shared SCSI
      • 4.2.5. A Variation on the Theme
        • 4.2.5.1. What is a snapshot?
        • 4.2.5.2. Problem solved
      • 4.2.6. Problems with LAN-Free Backups
        • 4.2.6.1. Application impact
        • 4.2.6.2. Recovery speed
        • 4.2.6.3. No other way?
    • 4.3. Client-Free Backups
      • 4.3.1. How Client-Free Backups Work
      • 4.3.2. Backing Up the Backup Mirror
        • 4.3.2.1. Setup
        • 4.3.2.2. Back up the transaction logs
        • 4.3.2.3. Back up the datafiles
          • 4.3.2.3.1. Establish the backup mirror
          • 4.3.2.3.2. Put the database in backup mode
          • 4.3.2.3.3. Split the backup mirror
          • 4.3.2.3.4. Take the database out of backup mode
          • 4.3.2.3.5. Import the backup mirror's volumes to the backup server
          • 4.3.2.3.6. Back up the backup mirror volumes to tape
      • 4.3.3. Client-Free Recovery
        • 4.3.3.1. Recovering from complete destruction of the storage array
        • 4.3.3.2. Restore backup mirror from tape
        • 4.3.3.3. Recovering after a tape recovery or if you lose the primary disk set and not the backup mirror
        • 4.3.3.4. Restore primary disk set from the backup mirror
        • 4.3.3.5. Replay transaction logs
        • 4.3.3.6. Bring the database online
      • 4.3.4. Other Variations on the Theme
        • 4.3.4.1. Recovery of a snapshot
        • 4.3.4.2. A valid option
    • 4.4. Server-Free Backups
      • 4.4.1. Look, Ma, No Server
        • 4.4.1.1. Getting a static view of the data
        • 4.4.1.2. Logically mapping the disk to the filesystem
        • 4.4.1.3. Transferring the data directly from disk to tape
      • 4.4.2. Server-Free Restores
        • 4.4.2.1. Image-level server-free restores
        • 4.4.2.2. File-level server-free restores
      • 4.4.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
    • 4.5. LAN-Free, Client-Free, or Server-Free?
  • 5. NAS Architecture
    • 5.1. What's Wrong with Standard NFS and CIFS?
      • 5.1.1. Usability
      • 5.1.2. Manageability
      • 5.1.3. Performance
      • 5.1.4. Availability
      • 5.1.5. Scalability
      • 5.1.6. Enter Network Attached Storage
    • 5.2. NFS and CIFS Advances
      • 5.2.1. Advances in NFS
      • 5.2.2. CIFS Advances
    • 5.3. System Architecture Advances
      • 5.3.1. Streamlining the Process
      • 5.3.2. Making It Even Better
    • 5.4. High Availability and Scalability
    • 5.5. Low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
      • 5.5.1. Low Individual Component Cost
      • 5.5.2. Single Server for NFS, CIFS, and HTTP Services
    • 5.6. Ease of Maintenance
      • 5.6.1. Multiprotocol Servers
      • 5.6.2. Simplified Management
      • 5.6.3. Simplified Physical Architecture
    • 5.7. Ease of Use
  • 6. Managing NAS
    • 6.1. The Different Uses for NAS
      • 6.1.1. Data Consolidation
      • 6.1.2. Internet Applications
      • 6.1.3. Business Applications
    • 6.2. Installing a Filer
      • 6.2.1. Network Setup
      • 6.2.2. Operating System Installation
        • 6.2.2.1. Proprietary operating systems
        • 6.2.2.2. Linux-based operating systems
        • 6.2.2.3. Embedded Windows
    • 6.3. Configuring a Filer
      • 6.3.1. Configuration Interfaces
        • 6.3.1.1. Console
        • 6.3.1.2. Command-line interface (CLI)
        • 6.3.1.3. Remote shell: rsh
        • 6.3.1.4. Secure shell: ssh
        • 6.3.1.5. HTTP
      • 6.3.2. Configuration Files and Scripting
      • 6.3.3. Configuration Security
      • 6.3.4. Configuring the Storage
        • 6.3.4.1. Disk space allocation
        • 6.3.4.2. User space allocation: quotas
      • 6.3.5. Configuring the Network Interfaces
      • 6.3.6. Configuring the Network Protocols
        • 6.3.6.1. NFS
        • 6.3.6.2. CIFS
        • 6.3.6.3. HTTP
        • 6.3.6.4. FTP
        • 6.3.6.5. Emerging protocols
        • 6.3.6.6. Language support
      • 6.3.7. Configuring Authentication/Directory Services
        • 6.3.7.1. Local password databases
        • 6.3.7.2. Network Information Service (NIS)
        • 6.3.7.3. Microsoft
        • 6.3.7.4. User mapping
    • 6.4. Applications
      • 6.4.1. Home Directories
      • 6.4.2. Email
      • 6.4.3. Databases
    • 6.5. Data Migration
      • 6.5.1. Migration from Distributed Local Storage to NAS
        • 6.5.1.1. Migration methods and tools
        • 6.5.1.2. Migration issues
      • 6.5.2. Migration Between Filers
    • 6.6. Maintenance
      • 6.6.1. Hardware Failure
      • 6.6.2. Hardware Upgrades
      • 6.6.3. Onsite Spares
      • 6.6.4. Software Failure
      • 6.6.5. Software Upgrade
    • 6.7. Monitoring, Analyzing, and Reporting
      • 6.7.1. Monitoring: Built-in Tools
      • 6.7.2. Network Management Tools: Vendor-Supplied
      • 6.7.3. Network Management Tools: Generic
      • 6.7.4. Storage Resource Management (SRM)
    • 6.8. Performance Tuning
      • 6.8.1. Measuring Performance
      • 6.8.2. Measurement Tools
  • 7. NAS Backup and Recovery
    • 7.1. Snapshots and Mirroring
      • 7.1.1. Snapshots
      • 7.1.2. Server-to-Server Mirroring
      • 7.1.3. They Work Together
    • 7.2. Native Utilities
    • 7.3. NFS/CIFS
      • 7.3.1. Issues with NFS/CIFS Backups of Filers
        • 7.3.1.1. Reduced performance
        • 7.3.1.2. Unicode names
        • 7.3.1.3. CIFS ACLs
        • 7.3.1.4. Windows alternate data streams
    • 7.4. Push Agent Software
    • 7.5. NDMP
      • 7.5.1. The History of NDMP
      • 7.5.2. What Is NDMP?
      • 7.5.3. Definition of Terms
        • 7.5.3.1. NDMP configurations
        • 7.5.3.2. NDMP backups aren't portable
        • 7.5.3.3. Versions
      • 7.5.4. Using NDMP
        • 7.5.4.1. Robotic support
        • 7.5.4.2. Filer to library support
        • 7.5.4.3. Filer to server support
        • 7.5.4.4. Direct access restore support
    • 7.6. What About LAN-Free, Client-Free, and Server-Free Backup?
    • 7.7. Database Backup and Recovery
    • 7.8. Benefits Summary
  • A. Disruptive Technologies
    • A.1. DAFS: Direct Access File System
    • A.2. VI: Virtual Interface
    • A.3. InfiniBand
    • A.4. iSCSI
  • B. RAID Levels
    • B.1. RAID 0
    • B.2. RAID 1
    • B.3. RAID 0+1
    • B.4. RAID 1+0 (RAID 10)
    • B.5. RAID 2
    • B.6. RAID 3
    • B.7. RAID 4 and RAID 5
  • Index
  • Colophon
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