PHP Cookbook

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• Preface
  • Who This Book Is For
  • Navigating This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Variables
  • 1.1. Defining Constants
  • 1.2. Creating Variable Variables
  • 1.3. Swapping Variables in Place
• 2. Operators
  • 2.1. Using a Ternary Operator Instead of an If-Else Block
  • 2.2. Coalescing Potentially Null Values
  • 2.3. Comparing Identical Values
  • 2.4. Using the Spaceship Operator to Sort Values
  • 2.5. Suppressing Diagnostic Errors with an Operator
  • 2.6. Comparing Bits Within Integers
• 3. Functions
  • 3.1. Accessing Function Parameters
  • 3.2. Setting a Functions Default Parameters
  • 3.3. Using Named Function Parameters
  • 3.4. Enforcing Function Argument and Return Typing
  • 3.5. Defining a Function with a Variable Number of Arguments
  • 3.6. Returning More Than One Value
  • 3.7. Accessing Global Variables from Within a Function
  • 3.8. Managing State Within a Function Across Multiple Invocations
  • 3.9. Defining Dynamic Functions
  • 3.10. Passing Functions as Parameters to Other Functions
  • 3.11. Using Concise Function Definitions (Arrow Functions)
  • 3.12. Creating a Function with No Return Value
  • 3.13. Creating a Function That Does Not Return
• 4. Strings
  • 4.1. Accessing Substrings Within a Larger String
  • 4.2. Extracting One String from Within Another
  • 4.3. Replacing Part of a String
  • 4.4. Processing a String One Byte at a Time
  • 4.5. Generating Random Strings
  • 4.6. Interpolating Variables Within a String
  • 4.7. Concatenating Multiple Strings Together
  • 4.8. Managing Binary Data Stored in Strings
• 5. Numbers
  • 5.1. Validating a Number Within a Variable
  • 5.2. Comparing Floating-Point Numbers
  • 5.3. Rounding Floating-Point Numbers
  • 5.4. Generating Truly Random Numbers
  • 5.5. Generating Predictable Random Numbers
  • 5.6. Generating Weighted Random Numbers
  • 5.7. Calculating Logarithms
  • 5.8. Calculating Exponents
  • 5.9. Formatting Numbers as Strings
  • 5.10. Handling Very Large or Very Small Numbers
  • 5.11. Converting Numbers Between Numerical Bases
• 6. Dates and Times
  • 6.1. Finding the Current Date and Time
  • 6.2. Formatting Dates and Times
  • 6.3. Converting Dates and Times to Unix Timestamps
  • 6.4. Converting from Unix Timestamps to Date and Time Parts
  • 6.5. Computing the Difference Between Two Dates
  • 6.6. Parsing Dates and Times from Arbitrary Strings
  • 6.7. Validating a Date
  • 6.8. Adding to or Subtracting from a Date
  • 6.9. Calculating Times Across Time Zones
• 7. Arrays
  • 7.1. Associating Multiple Elements per Key in an Array
  • 7.2. Initializing an Array with a Range of Numbers
  • 7.3. Iterating Through Items in an Array
  • 7.4. Deleting Elements from Associative and Numeric Arrays
  • 7.5. Changing the Size of an Array
  • 7.6. Appending One Array to Another
  • 7.7. Creating an Array from a Fragment of an Existing Array
  • 7.8. Converting Between Arrays and Strings
  • 7.9. Reversing an Array
  • 7.10. Sorting an Array
  • 7.11. Sorting an Array Based on a Function
  • 7.12. Randomizing the Elements in an Array
  • 7.13. Applying a Function to Every Element of an Array
  • 7.14. Reducing an Array to a Single Value
  • 7.15. Iterating over Infinite or Very Large/Expensive Arrays
• 8. Classes and Objects
  • 8.1. Instantiating Objects from Custom Classes
  • 8.2. Constructing Objects to Define Defaults
  • 8.3. Defining Read-Only Properties in a Class
  • 8.4. Deconstructing Objects to Clean Up After the Object Is No Longer Needed
  • 8.5. Using Magic Methods to Provide Dynamic Properties
  • 8.6. Extending Classes to Define Additional Functionality
  • 8.7. Forcing Classes to Exhibit Specific Behavior
  • 8.8. Creating Abstract Base Classes
  • 8.9. Preventing Changes to Classes and Methods
  • 8.10. Cloning Objects
  • 8.11. Defining Static Properties and Methods
  • 8.12. Introspecting Private Properties or Methods Within an Object
  • 8.13. Reusing Arbitrary Code Between Classes
• 9. Security and Encryption
  • 9.1. Filtering, Validating, and Sanitizing User Input
  • 9.2. Keeping Sensitive Credentials Out of Application Code
  • 9.3. Hashing and Validating Passwords
  • 9.4. Encrypting and Decrypting Data
  • 9.5. Storing Encrypted Data in a File
  • 9.6. Cryptographically Signing a Message to Be Sent to Another Application
  • 9.7. Verifying a Cryptographic Signature
• 10. File Handling
  • 10.1. Creating or Opening a Local File
  • 10.2. Reading a File into a String
  • 10.3. Reading a Specific Slice of a File
  • 10.4. Modifying a File in Place
  • 10.5. Writing to Many Files Simultaneously
  • 10.6. Locking a File to Prevent Access or Modification by Another Process
• 11. Streams
  • 11.1. Streaming Data to/from a Temporary File
  • 11.2. Reading from the PHP Input Stream
  • 11.3. Writing to the PHP Output Stream
  • 11.4. Reading from One Stream and Writing to Another
  • 11.5. Composing Different Stream Handlers Together
  • 11.6. Writing a Custom Stream Wrapper
• 12. Error Handling
  • 12.1. Finding and Fixing Parse Errors
  • 12.2. Creating and Handling Custom Exceptions
  • 12.3. Hiding Error Messages from End Users
  • 12.4. Using a Custom Error Handler
  • 12.5. Logging Errors to an External Stream
• 13. Debugging and Testing
  • 13.1. Using a Debugger Extension
  • 13.2. Writing a Unit Test
  • 13.3. Automating Unit Tests
  • 13.4. Using Static Code Analysis
  • 13.5. Logging Debugging Information
  • 13.6. Dumping Variable Contents as Strings
  • 13.7. Using the Built-in Web Server to Quickly Run an Application
  • 13.8. Using Unit Tests to Detect Regressions in a Version-Controlled Project with git-bisect
• 14. Performance Tuning
  • 14.1. Timing Function Execution
  • 14.2. Benchmarking the Performance of an Application
  • 14.3. Accelerating an Application with an Opcode Cache
• 15. Packages and Extensions
  • 15.1. Defining a Composer Project
  • 15.2. Finding Composer Packages
  • 15.3. Installing and Updating Composer Packages
  • 15.4. Installing Native PHP Extensions
• 16. Databases
  • 16.1. Relational Databases
  • 16.2. Key-Value Stores
  • 16.3. Graph Databases
  • 16.4. Document Databases
  • 16.5. Connecting to an SQLite Database
  • 16.6. Using PDO to Connect to an External Database Provider
  • 16.7. Sanitizing User Input for a Database Query
  • 16.8. Mocking Data for Integration Testing with a Database
  • 16.9. Querying an SQL Database with the Eloquent ORM
• 17. Asynchronous PHP
  • 17.1. Fetching Data from Remote APIs Asynchronously
  • 17.2. Waiting on the Results of Multiple Asynchronous Operations
  • 17.3. Interrupting One Operation to Run Another
  • 17.4. Running Code in a Separate Thread
  • 17.5. Sending and Receiving Messages Between Separate Threads
  • 17.6. Using a Fiber to Manage the Contents from a Stream
• 18. PHP Command Line
  • 18.1. Parsing Program Arguments
  • 18.2. Reading Interactive User Input
  • 18.3. Colorizing Console Output
  • 18.4. Creating a Command-Line Application with Symfony Console
  • 18.5. Using PHPs Native Read-Eval-Print-Loop
• Index

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