Linux Cookbook. 2nd Edition Carla Schroder

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• Preface
  • Who Should Read This Book
  • Why I Wrote This Book
  • Navigating This Book
  • Conventions Used in This Book
  • Using Code Examples
  • OReilly Online Learning
  • How to Contact Us
  • Acknowledgments
• 1. Installing Linux
  • Booting from Installation Media
  • Where to Download Linux
  • Best Linux for Newbies
  • 1.1. Entering your System BIOS/UEFI Setup
  • 1.2. Downloading a Linux Installation Image
  • 1.3. Creating a Linux Installation USB Stick with UNetbootin
  • 1.4. Creating a Linux Installation DVD with K3b
  • 1.5. Using the wodim Command to Create a Bootable CD/DVD
  • 1.6. Creating a Linux Installation USB Stick with the dd Command
  • 1.7. Trying a Simple Ubuntu Installation
  • 1.8. Customizing Partitioning
  • 1.9. Preserving Existing Partitions
  • 1.10. Customizing Package Selection
  • 1.11. Multibooting Linux Distributions
  • 1.12. Dual-boot with Microsoft Windows
  • 1.13. Recovering an OEM Windows 8 or 10 Product Key
  • 1.14. Mounting Your ISO Image on Linux
• 2. Managing the GRUB Bootloader
  • 2.1. Rebuilding Your GRUB Configuration File
  • 2.2. Unhiding a Hidden GRUB Menu
  • 2.3. Booting to a Different Linux Kernel
  • 2.4. Understanding GRUB Configuration Files
  • 2.5. Writing a Minimal GRUB Configuration File
  • 2.6. Setting a Custom Background for Your GRUB Menu
  • 2.7. Changing Font Colors in the GRUB Menu
  • 2.8. Applying a Theme to Your GRUB Menu
  • 2.9. Rescuing a Nonbooting System from the grub> Prompt
  • 2.10. Rescuing a Nonbooting System from the grub rescue> Prompt
  • 2.11. Reinstalling Your GRUB Configuration
• 3. Starting, Stopping, Restarting, and Putting Linux into Sleep Modes
  • 3.1. Shutting Down with systemctl
  • 3.2. Shutting Down, Timed Shutdowns, and Rebooting with the shutdown Command
  • 3.3. Shutting Down and Rebooting with halt, reboot, and poweroff
  • 3.4. Sending Your System into Sleep Modes with systemctl
  • 3.5. Rebooting Out of Trouble with Ctrl-Alt-Delete
  • 3.6. Disabling, Enabling, and Configuring Ctrl-Alt-Delete in the Linux Console
  • 3.7. Creating Scheduled Shutdowns with cron
  • 3.8. Scheduling Automated Startups with UEFI Wake-Ups
  • 3.9. Scheduling Automated Startups with RTC Wake-ups
  • 3.10. Setting Up Remote Wake-Ups with Wake-on-LAN over Wired Ethernet
  • 3.11. Setting Up Remote Wake-Ups over WiFi (WoWLAN)
• 4. Managing Services with systemd
  • 4.1. Learning if Your Linux Uses systemd
  • 4.2. Understanding PID 1, the Mother of All Processes
  • 4.3. Listing Services and Their States with systemctl
  • 4.4. Querying the Status of Selected Services
  • 4.5. Starting and Stopping Services
  • 4.6. Enabling and Disabling Services
  • 4.7. Stopping Troublesome Processes
  • 4.8. Managing Runlevels with systemd
  • 4.9. Diagnosing Slow Startups
• 5. Managing Users and Groups
  • 5.1. Finding a Users UID and GID
  • 5.2. Creating a Human User with useradd
  • 5.3. Creating a System User with useradd
  • 5.4. Changing the useradd Default Settings
  • 5.5. Customizing the Documents, Music, Video, Pictures, and Downloads Directories
  • 5.6. Creating User and System Groups with groupadd
  • 5.7. Adding Users to Groups with usermod
  • 5.8. Creating Users with adduser on Ubuntu
  • 5.9. Creating a System User with adduser on Ubuntu
  • 5.10. Creating User and System Groups with addgroup
  • 5.11. Checking Password File Integrity
  • 5.12. Disabling a User Account
  • 5.13. Deleting a User with userdel
  • 5.14. Deleting a User with deluser on Ubuntu
  • 5.15. Removing a Group with delgroup on Ubuntu
  • 5.16. Finding and Managing All Files for a User
  • 5.17. Using su to Be Root
  • 5.18. Granting Limited Root Powers with sudo
  • 5.19. Extending the sudo Password Timeout
  • 5.20. Creating Individual sudoers Configurations
  • 5.21. Managing the Root Users Password
  • 5.22. Changing sudo to Not Ask for the Root Password
• 6. Managing Files and Directories
  • 6.1. Creating Files and Directories
  • 6.2. Quickly Creating a Batch of Files for Testing
  • 6.3. Working with Relative and Absolute Filepaths
  • 6.4. Deleting Files and Directories
  • 6.5. Copying, Moving, and Renaming Files and Directories
  • 6.6. Setting File Permissions with chmods Octal Notation
  • 6.7. Setting Directory Permissions with chmods Octal Notation
  • 6.8. Using the Special Modes for Special Use Cases
  • 6.9. Removing the Special Modes in Octal Notation
  • 6.10. Setting File Permissions with chmods Symbolic Notation
  • 6.11. Setting the Special Modes with chmods Symbolic Notation
  • 6.12. Setting Permissions in Batches with chmod
  • 6.13. Setting File and Directory Ownership with chown
  • 6.14. Changing Ownership on Batches of Files with chown
  • 6.15. Setting Default Permissions with umask
  • 6.16. Creating Shortcuts (Soft and Hard Links) to Files and Directories
  • 6.17. Hiding Files and Directories
• 7. Backup and Recovery with rsync and cp
  • 7.1. Selecting Which Files to Back Up
  • 7.2. Selecting Files to Restore from Backups
  • 7.3. Using the Simplest Local Backup Method
  • 7.4. Automating Simple Local Backups
  • 7.5. Using rsync for Local Backups
  • 7.6. Making Secure Remote File Transfers with rsync over SSH
  • 7.7. Automating rsync Transfers with cron and SSH
  • 7.8. Excluding Files from Backup
  • 7.9. Including Selected Files to Backup
  • 7.10. Managing Includes with a Simple Include File
  • 7.11. Managing Includes and Excludes with an Exclude File
  • 7.12. Limiting rsyncs Bandwidth Use
  • 7.13. Building an rsyncd Backup Server
  • 7.14. Limiting Access to rsyncd Modules
  • 7.15. Creating a Message of the Day for rsyncd
• 8. Managing Disk Partitioning with parted
  • Overview
  • 8.1. Unmounting Your Partitions Before Using parted
  • 8.2. Choosing the Command Mode for parted
  • 8.3. Viewing Your Existing Disks and Partitions
  • 8.4. Creating GPT Partitions on a Nonbooting Disk
  • 8.5. Creating Partitions for Installing Linux
  • 8.6. Removing Partitions
  • 8.7. Recovering a Deleted Partition
  • 8.8. Increasing Partition Size
  • 8.9. Shrinking a Partition
• 9. Managing Partitions and Filesystems with GParted
  • 9.1. Viewing Partitions, Filesystems, and Free Space
  • 9.2. Creating a New Partition Table
  • 9.3. Deleting a Partition
  • 9.4. Creating a New Partition
  • 9.5. Deleting a Filesystem Without Deleting the Partition
  • 9.6. Recovering a Deleted Partition
  • 9.7. Resizing Partitions
  • 9.8. Moving a Partition
  • 9.9. Copying a Partition
  • 9.10. Managing Filesystems with GParted
• 10. Getting Detailed Information About Your Computer Hardware
  • 10.1. Collecting Hardware Information with lshw
  • 10.2. Filtering lshw Output
  • 10.3. Detecting Hardware, Including Displays and RAID Devices, with hwinfo
  • 10.4. Detecting PCI Hardware with lspci
  • 10.5. Understanding lspci Output
  • 10.6. Filtering lspci Output
  • 10.7. Using lspci to Identify Kernel Modules
  • 10.8. Using lsusb to List USB Devices
  • 10.9. Listing Partitions and Hard Disks with lsblk
  • 10.10. Getting CPU Information
  • 10.11. Identifying Your Hardware Architecture
• 11. Creating and Managing Filesystems
  • Filesystem Overview
  • 11.1. Listing Supported Filesystems
  • 11.2. Identifying Your Existing Filesystems
  • 11.3. Resizing Filesystems
  • 11.4. Deleting Filesystems
  • 11.5. Using a New Filesystem
  • 11.6. Creating Automatic Filesystem Mounts
  • 11.7. Creating Ext4 Filesystems
  • 11.8. Configuring the Ext4 Journal Mode
  • 11.9. Finding Which Journal Your Ext4 Filesystem Is Attached To
  • 11.10. Improving Performance with an External Journal for Ext4
  • 11.11. Freeing Space from Reserved Blocks on Ext4 Filesystems
  • 11.12. Creating a New XFS Filesystem
  • 11.13. Resizing an XFS Filesystem
  • 11.14. Creating an exFAT Filesystem
  • 11.15. Creating FAT16 and FAT32 Filesystems
  • 11.16. Creating a Btrfs Filesystem
• 12. Secure Remote Access with OpenSSH
  • 12.1. Installing OpenSSH Server
  • 12.2. Generating New Host Keys
  • 12.3. Configuring Your OpenSSH Server
  • 12.4. Checking Configuration Syntax
  • 12.5. Setting Up Password Authentication
  • 12.6. Retrieving a Key Fingerprint
  • 12.7. Using Public Key Authentication
  • 12.8. Managing Multiple Public Keys
  • 12.9. Changing a Passphrase
  • 12.10. Automatic Passphrase Management with Keychain
  • 12.11. Using Keychain to Make Passphrases Available to Cron
  • 12.12. Tunneling an X Session Securely over SSH
  • 12.13. Opening an SSH Session and Running a Command in One Line
  • 12.14. Mounting Entire Remote Filesystems with sshfs
  • 12.15. Customizing the Bash Prompt for SSH
  • 12.16. Listing Supported Encryption Algorithms
• 13. Secure Remote Access with OpenVPN
  • OpenVPN Overview
  • 13.1. Installing OpenVPN, Server and Client
  • 13.2. Setting Up a Simple Connection Test
  • 13.3. Setting Up Easy Encryption with Static Keys
  • 13.4. Installing EasyRSA to Manage Your PKI
  • 13.5. Creating a PKI
  • 13.6. Customizing EasyRSA Default Options
  • 13.7. Creating and Testing Server and Client Configurations
  • 13.8. Controlling OpenVPN with systemctl
  • 13.9. Distributing Client Configurations More Easily with .ovpn Files
  • 13.10. Hardening Your OpenVPN Server
  • 13.11. Configuring Networking
• 14. Building a Linux Firewall with firewalld
  • firewalld Overview
  • 14.1. Querying Which Firewall Is Running
  • 14.2. Installing firewalld
  • 14.3. Finding Your firewalld Version
  • 14.4. Configuring iptables or nftables as the firewalld Backend
  • 14.5. Listing All Zones and All Services Managed by Each Zone
  • 14.6. Listing and Querying Services
  • 14.7. Selecting and Setting Zones
  • 14.8. Changing the Default firewalld Zone
  • 14.9. Customizing firewalld Zones
  • 14.10. Creating a New Zone
  • 14.11. Integrating NetworkManager and firewalld
  • 14.12. Allowing or Blocking Specific Ports
  • 14.13. Blocking IP Addresses with Rich Rules
  • 14.14. Changing a Zone Default Target
• 15. Printing on Linux
  • Overview
  • 15.1. Using the CUPS Web Interface
  • 15.2. Installing a Locally Attached Printer
  • 15.3. Giving Printers Useful Names
  • 15.4. Installing a Network Printer
  • 15.5. Using Driverless Printing
  • 15.6. Sharing Nonnetworked Printers
  • 15.7. Correcting the Forbidden Error Message
  • 15.8. Installing Printer Drivers
  • 15.9. Modifying an Installed Printer
  • 15.10. Saving Documents by Printing to a PDF File
  • 15.11. Troubleshooting
• 16. Managing Local Name Services with Dnsmasq and the hosts File
  • 16.1. Simple Name Resolution with /etc/hosts
  • 16.2. Using /etc/hosts for Testing and Blocking Annoyances
  • 16.3. Finding All DNS and DHCP Servers on Your Network
  • 16.4. Installing Dnsmasq
  • 16.5. Making systemd-resolved and NetworkManager Play Nice with Dnsmasq
  • 16.6. Configuring Dnsmasq for LAN DNS
  • 16.7. Configuring firewalld to Allow DNS and DHCP
  • 16.8. Testing Your Dnsmasq Server from a Client Machine
  • 16.9. Managing DHCP with Dnsmasq
  • 16.10. Advertising Important Services over DHCP
  • 16.11. Creating DHCP Zones for Subnets
  • 16.12. Assigning Static IP Addresses from DHCP
  • 16.13. Configuring DHCP Clients for Automatic DNS Entries
  • 16.14. Managing Dnsmasq Logging
  • 16.15. Configuring Wildcard Domains
• 17. Keeping Time with ntpd, chrony, and timesyncd
  • 17.1. Finding Which NTP Client Is on Your Linux System
  • 17.2. Using timesyncd for Simple Time Synchronization
  • 17.3. Setting Time Manually with timedatectl
  • 17.4. Using chrony for Your NTP Client
  • 17.5. Using chrony as a LAN Time Server
  • 17.6. Viewing chrony Statistics
  • 17.7. Using ntpd for Your NTP Client
  • 17.8. Using ntpd for Your NTP Server
  • 17.9. Managing Time Zones with timedatectl
  • 17.10. Managing Time Zones Without timedatectl
• 18. Building an Internet Firewall/Router on Raspberry Pi
  • Overview
  • 18.1. Starting and Shutting Down Raspberry Pi
  • 18.2. Finding Hardware and How-Tos
  • 18.3. Cooling the Raspberry Pi
  • 18.4. Installing Raspberry Pi OS with Imager and dd
  • 18.5. Installing Raspberry Pi with NOOBS
  • 18.6. Connecting to a Video Display Without HDMI
  • 18.7. Booting into Recovery Mode
  • 18.8. Adding a Second Ethernet Interface
  • 18.9. Setting Up an Internet Connection Sharing Firewall with firewalld
  • 18.10. Running Your Raspberry Pi Headless
  • 18.11. Building a DNS/DHCP Server with Raspberry Pi
• 19. System Rescue and Recovery with SystemRescue
  • 19.1. Creating Your SystemRescue Bootable Device
  • 19.2. Getting Started with SystemRescue
  • 19.3. Understanding SystemRescues Two Boot Screens
  • 19.4. Understanding SystemRescues Boot Options
  • 19.5. Identifying Filesystems
  • 19.6. Resetting a Linux Root Password
  • 19.7. Enabling SSH in SystemRescue
  • 19.8. Copying Files over the Network with scp and sshfs
  • 19.9. Repairing GRUB from SystemRescue
  • 19.10. Resetting a Windows Password
  • 19.11. Rescuing a Failing Hard Disk with GNU ddrescue
  • 19.12. Managing Partitions and Filesystems from SystemRescue
  • 19.13. Creating a Data Partition on Your SystemRescue USB Drive
  • 19.14. Preserving Changes in SystemRescue
• 20. Troubleshooting a Linux PC
  • Overview
  • 20.1. Finding Useful Information in Logfiles
  • 20.2. Configuring journald
  • 20.3. Building a Logging Server with systemd
  • 20.4. Monitoring Temperatures, Fans, and Voltages with lm-sensors
  • 20.5. Adding a Graphical Interface to lm-sensors
  • 20.6. Monitoring Hard Disk Health with smartmontools
  • 20.7. Configuring smartmontools to Send Email Reports
  • 20.8. Diagnosing a Sluggish System with top
  • 20.9. Viewing Selected Processes in top
  • 20.10. Escaping from a Frozen Graphical Desktop
  • 20.11. Troubleshooting Hardware
• 21. Troubleshooting Networks
  • Diagnostic Hardware
  • 21.1. Testing Connectivity with ping
  • 21.2. Profiling Your Network with fping and nmap
  • 21.3. Finding Duplicate IP Addresses with arping
  • 21.4. Testing HTTP Throughput and Latency with httping
  • 21.5. Using mtr to Find Troublesome Routers
• A. Software Management Cheatsheets
  • Package Management Commands
  • Managing Software on Ubuntu
  • Managing Software on Fedora
  • Managing Software on openSUSE
• Index

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