CSS: The Missing Manual. The Missing Manual

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• CSS: The Missing Manual
  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • The Missing Credits
    • About the Author
    • About the Creative Team
    • Acknowledgements
    • The Missing Manual Series
  • Introduction
    • How CSS Works
    • The Benefits of CSS
    • What You Need to Know
    • HTML: The Barebones Structure
      • How HTML Tags Work
    • XHTML: HTML for the New Era
      • What the Doctype Does
    • Software for CSS
      • Free Programs
      • Commercial Software
    • About This Book
      • About the Outline
      • Living Examples
      • About MissingManuals.com
    • The Very Basics
      • About These Arrows
      • Safari Enabled
  • I. CSS Basics
    • 1. Rethinking HTML for CSS
      • 1.1. HTML: Past and Present
        • 1.1.1. HTML Past: Whatever Looked Good
        • 1.1.2. HTML Present: Scaffolding for CSS
      • 1.2. Writing HTML for CSS
        • 1.2.1. Think Structure
        • 1.2.2. Two New HTML Tags to Learn
        • 1.2.3. HTML to Forget
        • 1.2.4. Tips to Guide Your Way
      • 1.3. The Importance of the Doctype
    • 2. Creating Styles and Style Sheets
      • 2.1. Anatomy of a Style
      • 2.2. Understanding Style Sheets
        • 2.2.1. Internal or ExternalHow to Choose
      • 2.3. Internal Style Sheets
      • 2.4. External Style Sheets
        • 2.4.1. Linking a Style Sheet Using HTML
        • 2.4.2. Linking a Style Sheet Using CSS
      • 2.5. Tutorial: Creating Your First Styles
        • 2.5.1. Creating an Inline Style
        • 2.5.2. Creating an Internal Style Sheet
        • 2.5.3. Creating an External Style Sheet
    • 3. Selector Basics: Identifying What to Style
      • 3.1. Tag Selectors: Page-Wide Styling
      • 3.2. Class Selectors: Pinpoint Control
      • 3.3. ID Selectors: Specific Page Elements
      • 3.4. Styling Tags Within Tags
        • 3.4.1. The HTML Family Tree
        • 3.4.2. Building Descendent Selectors
      • 3.5. Styling Groups of Tags
        • 3.5.1. Constructing Group Selectors
        • 3.5.2. The Universal Selector (Asterisk)
      • 3.6. Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements
        • 3.6.1. Styles for Links
        • 3.6.2. More Pseudo-Classes and -Elements
          • 3.6.2.1. :before
          • 3.6.2.2. :after
          • 3.6.2.3. :first-child
          • 3.6.2.4. :focus
      • 3.7. Advanced Selectors
        • 3.7.1. Child Selectors
        • 3.7.2. Adjacent Siblings
        • 3.7.3. Attribute Selectors
      • 3.8. Tutorial: Selector Sampler
        • 3.8.1. Creating a Group Selector
        • 3.8.2. Creating and Applying a Class Selector
        • 3.8.3. Creating and Applying an ID Selector
        • 3.8.4. Creating a Descendent Selector
    • 4. Saving Time with Inheritance
      • 4.1. What Is Inheritance?
      • 4.2. How Inheritance Streamlines Style Sheets
      • 4.3. The Limits of Inheritance
      • 4.4. Tutorial: Inheritance
        • 4.4.1. A Basic Example: One Level of Inheritance
        • 4.4.2. Using Inheritance to Restyle an Entire Page
        • 4.4.3. Inheritance Inaction
    • 5. Managing Multiple Styles: The Cascade
      • 5.1. How Styles Cascade
        • 5.1.1. Inherited Styles Accumulate
        • 5.1.2. Nearest Ancestor Wins
        • 5.1.3. The Directly Applied Style Wins
        • 5.1.4. One Tag, Many Styles
      • 5.2. Specificity: Which Style Wins
        • 5.2.1. The Tiebreaker: Last Style Wins
      • 5.3. Controlling the Cascade
        • 5.3.1. Changing the Specificity
        • 5.3.2. Selective Overriding
      • 5.4. Tutorial: The Cascade in Action
        • 5.4.1. Creating a Hybrid Style
        • 5.4.2. Combining Cascading and Inheritance
        • 5.4.3. Overcoming Conflicts
  • II. Applied CSS
    • 6. Formatting Text
      • 6.1. Formatting Text
        • 6.1.1. Choosing a Font
        • 6.1.2. Adding Color to Text
          • 6.1.2.1. Hexadecimal color notation
          • 6.1.2.2. RGB
      • 6.2. Changing Font Size
        • 6.2.1. Using Pixels
        • 6.2.2. Using Keywords, Percentages, and Ems
          • 6.2.2.1. Keywords
          • 6.2.2.2. Percentages
          • 6.2.2.3. Ems
      • 6.3. Formatting Words and Letters
        • 6.3.1. Italicizing and Bolding
        • 6.3.2. Capitalizing
          • 6.3.2.1. Small caps
        • 6.3.3. Decorating
        • 6.3.4. Letter and Word Spacing
      • 6.4. Formatting Entire Paragraphs
        • 6.4.1. Adjusting the Space Between Lines
          • 6.4.1.1. Line spacing by pixel, em, or percentage
          • 6.4.1.2. Line spacing by number
        • 6.4.2. Aligning Text
        • 6.4.3. Indenting the First Line and Removing Margins
          • 6.4.3.1. First-line indents
          • 6.4.3.2. Controlling margins between paragraphs
        • 6.4.4. Formatting the First Letter or First Line of a Paragraph
      • 6.5. Styling Lists
        • 6.5.1. Types of Lists
        • 6.5.2. Positioning Bullets and Numbers
        • 6.5.3. Graphic Bullets
      • 6.6. Tutorial: Text Formatting in Action
        • 6.6.1. Setting Up the Page
        • 6.6.2. Formatting the Headings and Paragraphs
        • 6.6.3. Formatting Lists
        • 6.6.4. Adding the Finishing Touches
    • 7. Margins, Padding, and Borders
      • 7.1. Understanding the Box Model
      • 7.2. Control Space with Margins and Padding
        • 7.2.1. Margin and Padding Shorthand
        • 7.2.2. Colliding Margins
        • 7.2.3. Removing Space with Negative Margins
        • 7.2.4. Displaying Inline and Block-Level Boxes
      • 7.3. Adding Borders
        • 7.3.1. Border Property Shorthand
        • 7.3.2. Formatting Individual Borders
      • 7.4. Coloring the Background
      • 7.5. Determining Height and Width
        • 7.5.1. Calculating a Boxs Actual Width and Height
        • 7.5.2. Controlling the Tap with the Overflow Property
        • 7.5.3. Fixing IE 5's Broken Box Model
      • 7.6. Wrap Content with Floating Elements
        • 7.6.1. Backgrounds, Borders, and Floats
        • 7.6.2. Stopping the Float
      • 7.7. Tutorial: Margins, Backgrounds, and Borders
        • 7.7.1. Controlling Page Margins
        • 7.7.2. Adjusting the Space Around Tags
        • 7.7.3. Emphasizing Text with Backgrounds and Borders
        • 7.7.4. Building a Sidebar
        • 7.7.5. Fixing the Browser Bugs
        • 7.7.6. Going Further
    • 8. Adding Graphics to Web Pages
      • 8.1. CSS and the <img> Tag
      • 8.2. Background Images
      • 8.3. Controlling Repetition
      • 8.4. Positioning a Background Image
        • 8.4.1. Keywords
        • 8.4.2. Precise Values
        • 8.4.3. Percentage Values
        • 8.4.4. Fixing an Image in Place
      • 8.5. Using Background Property Shorthand
      • 8.6. Tutorial: Creating a Photo Gallery
        • 8.6.1. Framing an Image
        • 8.6.2. Adding a Caption
        • 8.6.3. Building a Photo Gallery
        • 8.6.4. Adding Drop Shadows
      • 8.7. Tutorial: Using Background Images
        • 8.7.1. Adding an Image to the Page Background
        • 8.7.2. Replacing Borders with Graphics
        • 8.7.3. Using Graphics for Bulleted Lists
        • 8.7.4. Adding Rounded Corners to the Sidebar
        • 8.7.5. Creating an External Style Sheet
    • 9. Sprucing Up Your Site's Navigation
      • 9.1. Selecting Which Links to Style
        • 9.1.1. Understanding Link States
        • 9.1.2. Targeting Particular Links
          • 9.1.2.1. Grouping links with descendent selectors
      • 9.2. Styling Links
        • 9.2.1. Underlining Links
        • 9.2.2. Creating a Button
        • 9.2.3. Using Graphics
      • 9.3. Building Navigation Bars
        • 9.3.1. Using Unordered Lists
        • 9.3.2. Vertical Navigation Bars
        • 9.3.4. Horizontal Navigation Bars
          • 9.3.4.1. Using display: inline
          • 9.3.4.2. Using floats for horizontal navigation
      • 9.4. Advanced Link Techniques
        • 9.4.1. Big Clickable Buttons
        • 9.4.2. CSS-Style Preloading Rollovers
        • 9.4.3. Sliding Doors
      • 9.5. Tutorial: Styling Links
        • 9.5.1. Basic Link Formatting
        • 9.5.2. Adding a Background Image to a Link
        • 9.5.3. Highlighting External Links
        • 9.5.4. Marking Visited Pages
        • 9.5.5. Creating a Vertical Navigation Bar
        • 9.5.6. Adding Rollovers and Creating "You Are Here" Links
        • 9.5.7. Fixing the IE Bugs
        • 9.5.8. From Vertical to Horizontal
    • 10. Formatting Tables and Forms
      • 10.1. Using Tables the Right Way
      • 10.2. Styling Tables
        • 10.2.1. Adding Padding
        • 10.2.2. Adjusting Vertical and Horizontal Alignment
        • 10.2.3. Creating Borders
        • 10.2.4. Styling Rows and Columns
      • 10.3. Styling Forms
        • 10.3.1. HTML Form Elements
        • 10.3.2. Laying Out Forms Using CSS
      • 10.4. Tutorial: Styling a Table
      • 10.5. Tutorial: Styling a Form
  • III. CSS Page Layout
    • 11. Building Float-Based Layouts
      • 11.1. How CSS Layout Works
        • 11.1.1. The Mighty <div> Tag
      • 11.2. Types of Web Page Layouts
      • 11.3. Float Layout Basics
      • 11.4. Applying Floats to Your Layouts
        • 11.4.1. Floating All Columns
        • 11.4.2. Floats Within Floats
        • 11.4.3. Using Negative Margins to Position Elements
      • 11.5. Overcoming Float Problems
        • 11.5.1. Clearing and Containing Floats
        • 11.5.2. Creating Full-Height Columns
        • 11.5.3. Preventing Float Drops
      • 11.6. Handling Internet Explorer Bugs
        • 11.6.1. Double-Margin Bug
        • 11.6.2. 3-Pixel Gaps
        • 11.6.3. Other IE Problems
      • 11.7. Tutorial: Multiple Column Layouts
        • 11.7.1. Structuring the HTML
        • 11.7.2. Creating the Layout Styles
        • 11.7.3. Adding Another Column
        • 11.7.4. Adding a "Faux Column"
        • 11.7.5. Fixing the Width
      • 11.8. Tutorial: Negative Margin Layout
        • 11.8.1. Centering a Layout
        • 11.8.2. Floating the Columns
        • 11.8.3. Final Adjustments
    • 12. Positioning Elements on a Web Page
      • 12.1. How Positioning Properties Work
        • 12.1.1. Setting Positioning Values
        • 12.1.2. When Absolute Positioning Is Relative
        • 12.1.3. When (and Where) to Use Relative Positioning
        • 12.1.4. Stacking Elements
        • 12.1.5. Hiding Parts of a Page
      • 12.2. Powerful Positioning Strategies
        • 12.2.1. Positioning Within an Element
        • 12.2.2. Breaking an Element Out of the Box
        • 12.2.3. Using CSS Positioning for Page Layout
        • 12.2.4. Creating CSS-Style Frames Using Fixed Positioning
      • 12.3. Tutorial: Positioning Page Elements
        • 12.3.1. Enhancing a Page Banner
        • 12.3.2. Adding a Caption to a Photo
        • 12.3.3. Laying Out the Page
  • IV. Advanced CSS
    • 13. CSS for the Printed Page
      • 13.1. How Media Style Sheets Work
      • 13.2. How to Add Media Style Sheets
        • 13.2.1. Specifying the Media Type for an External Style Sheet
        • 13.2.2. Specifying the Media Type Within a Style Sheet
      • 13.3. Creating Print Style Sheets
        • 13.3.1. Using !important to Override Onscreen Styling
        • 13.3.2. Reworking Text Styles
        • 13.3.3. Styling Backgrounds for Print
          • 13.3.3.1. Removing background elements
          • 13.3.3.2. Leaving background elements in
        • 13.3.4. Hiding Unwanted Page Areas
        • 13.3.5. Adding Page Breaks for Printing
      • 13.4. Tutorial: Building a Print Style Sheet
        • 13.4.1. Remove Unneeded Page Elements
        • 13.4.2. Removing Backgrounds and Adjusting the Layout
        • 13.4.3. Reformatting the Text
        • 13.4.4. Displaying the Logo
        • 13.4.5. Displaying URLs
    • 14. Improving Your CSS Habits
      • 14.1. Adding Comments
      • 14.2. Organizing Styles and Style Sheets
        • 14.2.1. Name Styles Clearly
        • 14.2.2. Use Multiple Classes to Save Time
        • 14.2.3. Organize Styles by Grouping
          • 14.2.3.1. Using comments to separate style groups
        • 14.2.4. Using Multiple Style Sheets
      • 14.3. Eliminating Browser Style Interference
      • 14.4. Using Descendent Selectors
        • 14.4.1. Compartmentalize Your Pages
        • 14.4.2. Identify the Body
      • 14.5. Managing Internet Explorer Hacks
        • 14.5.1. Design for Contemporary Browsers First
        • 14.5.2. Isolate CSS for IE with Conditional Comments
          • 14.5.2.1. Conditional comments and IE 7
          • 14.5.2.2. Conditional comments and the cascade
  • V. Appendixes
    • A. CSS Property Reference
      • A.1. CSS Values
        • A.1.1. Colors
          • A.1.1.1. Keywords
          • A.1.1.2. RGB values
        • A.2.1. Lengths and Sizes
          • A.1.2.1. Pixels
          • A.1.2.2. Ems
          • A.1.2.3. Percentages
        • A.1.3. Keywords
        • A.1.4. URLs
      • A.2. Text Properties
        • A.2.1. color (inherited)
        • A.2.2. font (inherited)
        • A.2.3. font-family (inherited)
        • A.2.4. font-size (inherited)
        • A.2.5. font-style (inherited)
        • A.2.6. font-variant (inherited)
        • A.2.7. font-weight (inherited)
        • A.2.8. letter-spacing (inherited)
        • A.2.9. line-height (inherited)
        • A.2.10. text-align (inherited)
        • A.2.11. text-decoration
        • A.2.12. text-indent (inherited)
        • A.2.13. text-transform (inherited)
        • A.2.14. vertical-align
        • A.2.15. white-space
        • A.2.16. word-spacing (inherited)
      • A.3. List Properties
        • A.3.1. list-style (inherited)
        • A.3.2. list-style-image (inherited)
        • A.3.3. list-style-position (inherited)
        • A.3.4. list-style-type (inherited)
      • A.4. Padding, Borders, and Margins
        • A.4.1. border
        • A.4.2. border-top, border-right, border-bottom, border-left
        • A.4.3. border-color
        • A.4.4. border-top-color, border-right-color, border-bottom-color, border-left-color
        • A.4.5. border-style
        • A.4.6. border-top-style, border-right-style, border-bottom-style, border-left-style
        • A.4.7. border-width
        • A.4.8. border-top-width, border-right-width, border-bottom-width, border-left-width
        • A.4.9. outline
        • A.4.10. outline-color
        • A.4.11. outline-style
        • A.4.12. outline-width
        • A.4.13. padding
        • A.4.14. padding-top
        • A.4.15. padding-right
        • A.4.16. padding-bottom
        • A.4.17. padding-left
        • A.4.18. margin
        • A.4.19. margin-top
        • A.4.20. margin-right
        • A.4.21. margin-bottom
        • A.4.22. margin-left
      • A.5. Backgrounds
        • A.5.1. background
        • A.5.2. background-attachment
        • A.5.3. background-color
        • A.5.4. background-image
        • A.5.5. background-position
        • A.5.6. background-repeat
      • A.6. Page Layout Properties
        • A.6.1. bottom
        • A.6.2. clear
        • A.6.3. clip
        • A.6.4. display
        • A.6.5. float
        • A.6.6. height
        • A.6.7. left
        • A.6.8. max-height
        • A.6.9. max-width
        • A.6.10. min-height
        • A.6.11. min-width
        • A.6.12. overflow
        • A.6.13. position
        • A.6.14. right
        • A.6.15. top
        • A.6.16. visibility
        • A.6.17. width
        • A.6.18. z-index
      • A.7. Table Properties
        • A.7.1. border-collapse
        • A.7.2. border-spacing
        • A.7.3. caption-side
        • A.7.4. empty-cells
        • A.7.5. table-layout
      • A.8. Miscellaneous Properties
        • A.8.1. content
        • A.8.2. cursor
        • A.8.3. orphans
        • A.8.4. page-break-after
        • A.8.5. page-break-before
        • A.8.6. page-break-inside
        • A.8.7. widows
    • B. CSS in Dreamweaver 8
      • B.1. Creating Styles
        • B.1.1. Phase 1: Set Up the CSS Type
        • B.1.2. Phase 2: Defining the Style
      • B.2. Adding Styles to Web Pages
        • B.2.1. Linking to an External Style Sheet
        • B.2.2. Applying a Class Style
        • B.2.3. Un-Applying a Class Style
      • B.3. Editing Styles
        • B.3.1. Editing in the Properties Pane
      • B.4. Managing Styles
        • B.4.1. Deleting a Style
        • B.4.2. Renaming a Class Style
        • B.4.3. Duplicating a Style
      • B.5. Examining Your CSS in the Styles Panel
        • B.5.1. Current Selection Mode
        • B.5.2. Deciphering the Cascade
      • B.6. CSS Properties
    • C. CSS Resources
      • C.1. References
        • C.1.1. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
        • C.1.2. Books and PDFs
        • C.1.3. Online Tutorial
      • C.2. CSS Help
        • C.2.1. Email List
        • C.2.2. Discussion Boards
      • C.3. CSS Navigation
        • C.3.1. Tutorials
        • C.3.2. Online Examples
      • C.4. CSS and Graphics
      • C.5. CSS Layout
        • C.5.1. Box Model Information
        • C.5.2. Float Layouts
        • C.5.3. Absolute Position Layouts
        • C.5.4. Layout Examples
        • C.5.5. Miscellaneous Layout Resources
      • C.6. Browser Bugs
        • C.6.1. Windows Internet Explorer
        • C.6.2. Mac Internet Explorer 5
      • C.7. Showcase Sites
      • C.8. CSS Books
      • C.9. Must-Have RSS Feeds
      • C.10. CSS Software
        • C.10.1. Windows and Mac
        • C.10.2. Windows Only
        • C.10.3. Mac Only
  • Index
  • About the Author
  • Colophon
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