\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage[polish]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{theorems}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\tcbset{boxsep=6pt}
\label{eq:~tcboxmath~}
\tcboxmath{p \Rightarrow q} \Longleftrightarrow 
\tcboxmath{\neg p \vee q}
\end{equation}

\end{document}