\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage[polish]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} 
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{rotating}

\geometry{width=126mm}

\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaysfigure}[p]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{languages.pdf}
\caption{Języki programowania lat 70-tych i 80-tych}
\label{fig:jezyki:programowania}
\end{sidewaysfigure}

\end{document}